_Question 1_: “If you wanted to teach a horse to tap seven times with his hoof when you asked him, ‘How many days are there in a week?,’ would you teach him by taking his leg and making him go through the motions?” _A_ answered, “Yes! at first.” _B_ answered, “No! I would not.” _C_ answered, “At first, yes!” _D_ answered, “No!” _Question 2_: “Do you think you _could_ teach him that way, even if naturally you would take some other way?” _A_ answered, “In time, yes!” _B_ answered, “I think it would be a very hard way.” _C_ answered, “Certainly I do.” _D_ answered, “I do not think I could.” _E_ answered, “Yes.” _Question 3_: “How would you teach him?” _A_ answered, “I should tap his foot with a whip, so that he would raise it, and reward him each time.” _B_ answered, “I should teach him by the motion of the whip.” _C_ answered, “First teach him by pricking his leg the number of times you wanted his foot lifted.” _D_ answered, “You put figure 2 on blackboard and touch him on leg twice with cane, and so on.” _E_ answered ambiguously. It is noteworthy that even those who think they _could_ teach an animal by putting him through the trick do not use that method, except at first. And what they really do then is probably to stimulate the animal to the reflex act of raising his hoof. The hand simply replaces the cane or whip as the means of stimulus. The answers are especially instructive, because the numerous counting tricks done by trained horses seem, at first, to be incomprehensible, unless the trainer can teach the horse by putting it through the movement the proper number of times. The counting tricks performed by Mascot, Professor Maguire’s horse, were quoted to me by a friend as incomprehensible on my theory. The answers given above show how simple the thing really is. All the counting-tricks of all the intelligent horses depend on the fact that a horse raises his hoof when a certain stimulus is given. One simple reaction gives the basis for a multitude of tricks. In the same way other tricks, which at first sight seem to require that the animal should learn by being put through the movement, may depend on some simple reflex or natural impulse. Another question was, “How would you teach a cat to get out of a box, the door of which was closed with a thumb latch?” _A_ answered, “I should use a puffball as a plaything for the cat to claw at.” This means, I suppose, that he would get the cat to claw at the puffball and thus direct its clawings to the vicinity of the thumb piece. _B_ answered, “I would put the cat in and get it good and hungry and then open the door by lifting the latch with my finger. Then put some food that the cat likes outside, and she will soon try to imitate you and so learn the trick.” _C_ answered, “I would first adjust all things in connection with the surroundings of the cat so they would be applicable to the laws of its nature, and then proceed to teach the trick.”