Animal Intelligence: The International Scientific Series, Vol. XLIV.Romanes, George John
Science
Animal Intelligence: The International Scientific Series, Vol. XLIV.
Romanes, George John
Animal behavior; Animal intelligence
Presently, when the whole of the vocalists had reached
their highest notes, they became hushed in an instant.
I was amazed at this, and began to wonder at the
sudden termination of the concert. But, looking about,
I observed a brown owl drop down, with the silence of
death, on to the top of a low dyke close by the
orchestra.[133]
_Reptiles._
Like the other cold-blooded Vertebrata, the reptiles are characterised
by a sluggishness and low development of mental power which is to some
extent proverbial. Nevertheless, that some members of the class present
vivid emotions is not to be questioned. Thus, to quote from Thompson:--
The common guana (_Lacerta iguana_) is naturally
extremely gentle and harmless. Its appearance,
however, is much against it, especially when agitated
by fear or anger. Its eyes then seem on fire; it
hisses like a serpent, swells out the pouch under its
throat, lashes about its long tail, erects the scales
on its back, and extending its wide jaws, holds its
head, covered over with tubercles, in a menacing
attitude. The male, during the spring of the year,
exhibits great attachment towards the female. Throwing
aside his usual gentleness of character, he defends
her even with fury, attacking with undaunted courage
every animal that seems inclined to injure her; and at
this time, though his bite is by no means poisonous,
he fastens so firmly, that it is necessary either to
kill him or to beat him with great violence on the
nose, in order to make him quit his hold.[134]
Several species of snake incubate their eggs and show parental affection
for their young when they are hatched out; but neither in these nor in
any other of their emotions do the reptiles appear to rise much above
the level of fish. The case, however, which I shall afterwards quote, of
the tame snakes kept by Mr. and Mrs. Mann, seems to show a somewhat
higher degree of emotional development than could be pointed to as
occurring in any lower Vertebrata. Moreover, according to Pliny, so much
affection subsists between the male and female asp, that when the one is
killed the other seeks to avenge its death; and this statement is so far
confirmed--or rather, its origin explained--by Sir Emerson Tennent that
he says when a cobra is killed, its mate is often found on the same spot
a day or two afterwards.
Passing on to the general intelligence of reptiles, we shall find that
this also, although low as compared with the intelligence of birds and
mammals, is conspicuously higher than that of fish or batrachians.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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