The interesting observations of Sir John Lubbock seem to show that
insects can distinguish between different colours. "Amongst other
experiments," he says,[FK] "I brought a bee to some honey which I placed
on a slip of glass laid on blue paper, and about three feet off I placed
a similar drop of honey on orange paper. With a drop of honey before her
a bee takes two or three minutes to fill herself, then flies away,
stores up the honey, and returns for more. My hives were about two
hundred yards from the window, and the bees were absent about three
minutes or even less. After the bee had returned twice, I transposed the
papers; but she returned to the honey on the blue paper. I allowed her
to continue this for some time, and then again transposed the papers.
She returned to the old spot, and was just going to alight, when she
observed the change of colour, pulled herself up, and without a moment's
hesitation darted off to the blue. No one who saw her at that moment
could have the slightest doubt about her perceiving the difference
between the two colours."
Passing now to the crustacea, we find in them eyes of the same type as
in insects; but in the higher crustacea ocelli are absent. In the crabs
and lobsters the eyes are seated on little movable pedestals; in the
former the crystalline cones are very long, in the latter they are
short. There can be little doubt that vision is by no means wanting in
acuteness in an animal which, like the lobster, can dart into a small
hole in the rocks with unerring aim from a considerable distance. The
experiments of Sir John Lubbock have shown that the little water-flea
(_Daphnia_) can distinguish differences of colour, yellows and greens
being preferred to blues or reds.
Among the molluscs there are great differences in the power of sight.
Most bivalves, like the mussel, are blind. Interesting stages in the
development of the eye may be seen in such forms as the limpet,
_Trochus_ and _Murex_. The limpet has simply an optic pit, the _Trochus_
a pit nearly closed at the orifice and filled with a vitreous mass, and
the _Murex_ a spherical organ completely closed in with a definite lens.
The snail has a well-developed eye on the hinder and longer horn or
tentacle. But it does not seem to be aware of the presence of an object
until it is brought within a quarter of an inch or less of the tentacle.
In all probability the eye does little more than enable the snail to
distinguish between light and dark. And the same may be said of the eye
of many of the molluscs. In some, however, the cuttle-fishes and their
allies, the eye is so highly developed that it has been compared with
that of the vertebrate. There is an iris with a contractile pupil. And
the ganglion with which it is connected forms a large part of the
so-called brain. The powers of accurate vision in these higher forms are
probably considerable.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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