Dinosaurs, bones of, 109, 110 brain of, 93 collections of, 109 compared to marsupials, 95 first discovered, 90 food required by, 98 hip-bones mistaken for shoulder-blade, 120 Professor Marsh's epitaph for, 222 range, 92 recognized as new order of reptiles, 91 related to ostrich and alligator, 91 size of, 95, 96, 98 tracks, ascribed to birds, 38 Dinotherium, 200 Diplodocus, estimated weight, 99 supposed habits, 99 Egg of AEpyornis, 147, 148; Apteryx, 147; Ostrich, 146; Moa, 148 Eggs, casts of, 87 Elephant, size, 180 size of tusks, 181, 182 Elephas ganesa, tusks, 196 Encrustations, 14 Extermination. See Extinction Extinction, ascribed to great convulsions, 225 ascribed to primitive man, 188, 224 of Dinosaurs, 221 local, 225 by man, 224, 225 of Marine Reptiles, 222 often unaccountable, 222, 223 of Pliocene rhinoceros, 232 sometimes evolution, 221, 226 of Titanotheres, 222 Feathers, imprints of, 76, 132 Fishes, abundance of, 25 armored, 23, 24, 25, 28 collections of, 32 killed by cold, 230 killed by volcanoes, 231 Fish-crows, killed by cold, 231 Flesh does not petrify, 10 Flightless birds, absent from Tasmania, 155 present distribution, 154, 155 relation between flightlessness and size, 156 Folds and frills, 129 Footprints, collections of, 47 books on, 47 See also under Tracks Fossil birds, rarity of, 86 Fossil man, 13 Fossilization a slow process, 10 Fossils, conditions under which they are formed, 5, 7 collecting, 112-116 definition of, 1 deformation of, 16 impressions, 2, 3 not necessarily petrifactions, 2 preparation of, 117-119 why they are not more common, 5, 15, 16 Fowls, muscles of, 81 Frill of Triceratops, 102 Fur-seals killed by ice-floes, 233 Gar pikes, destruction of, 26 Giant birds, reasons for distribution and flightlessness, 153 Giant Moa, 141 leg compared with that of horse, 152* Giant Sloth, domesticated by man, 224 struggle between, 46 Giant Sloth, tracks at Carson City, 46 Gilfort, Robert, 157 Great Auk, extermination of, 232 Grouse on Scotch moors, 235 Hawkins, B. W., restorations by, 137 Hesperornis, description of, 80 impressions of feathers, 132 position of legs, 83, 84 restoration of, 82* Hippotherium, 166, 167 Hoactzin, habits of, 74, 75* Horn does not petrify, 130