The ‘Daurayat’ or runners, the term applied to the bands who swept the country with their forays in those periods of general confusion, are analogous to the armed bands of the Middle Ages, who in a similar manner desolated Europe under the term _routiers_, tantamount to our _rabars_ (on the road), the _labars_ of the Pindaris in India. The Rajput Daurayat has as many epithets as the French _routier_, who were called _escorcheurs_, _tard veneurs_ (of which class Gopaldas appears to have been), _mille-diables_, _Guilleries_, etc. From the Crusades to the sixteenth century, the nobles of Europe, of whom these bands were composed (like our Rajputs), abandoned themselves to this sort of life; who, to use the words of the historian, “préférèrent la vie vagabonde à laquelle ils s’étoient accoutumés dans le camp, à retourner cultiver leurs champs. C’est alors que se formèrent ces bandes qu’on vit parcourir le royaume et étendre sur toutes les provinces le fléau de leurs inclinations destructives, répandre partout l’effroi, la misère, le deuil et le désespoir; mettre les villes à contribution, piller et incendier les villages, égorger les laboureurs, et se livrer à des accès de cruauté qui font frémir” (_Dict. de l’ancien régime et des abus féodaux_, art. ‘Routier,’ p. 422). We have this apology for the Rajput _routiers_, that the nobles of Europe had not; they were driven to it by perpetual aggressions of invaders. I invariably found that the reformed _routier_ was one of the best subjects: it secured him from indolence, the parent of all Rajput vices. Footnote 3.a.61: _Mund_, ‘the head’; _kati_, ‘cut.’ Footnote 3.a.62: [The double jasmine, _Jasminum sambac_.] Footnote 3.a.63: The rebellion broke out during the reign of this prince. Footnote 3.a.64: Salvamenta. Footnote 3.a.65: Dues. Footnote 3.a.66: Transit duty. Footnote 3.a.67: Ditto. Footnote 3.a.68: Different descriptions of thieves. [The Moghias are settled principally in E. Mewār; if not identical with, they are closely allied to, the Bāori (Luard, _Ethnographic Survey, Central India_, App. V. 17 ff.). Gen. C. Hervey (_Some Records of Crime_, i. 386 ff.) makes frequent references to dacoities committed by them from their headquarters, Nīmach. The Bāori or Bāwariya are a notorious criminal tribe (Rose, _Glossary_, ii. 70 ff.; M. Kennedy, _Notes on Criminal Classes in Bombay Presidency_, 173 ff., 198 ff.). The Thori in Mārwār claim Rājput origin, and are connected with the Aheri, or nomad hunters (_Census Report, Mārwār, 1891_, ii. 194). According to Rose (_op. cit._ iii. 466) those in the Panjāb are rather vagrants than actual criminals.] Footnote 3.a.69: Caravans of merchandise, whether on camels, bullocks, or in carts. Footnote 3.a.70: Caravans of bullocks, chiefly for the transport of grain and salt. Footnote 3.a.71: