Mangala is one of the names (and perhaps one of the oldest) of the Hindu Mars (Kumara), to whom the Wodens-dag of the Northmen, the Mardi of the French, the Dies Martis of the Romans, are alike sacred. Mangala also means ‘happy,’ the reverse of the origin of Mongol, said to mean ‘sad’ [‘brave’]. The juxtaposition of the Rajput and Scandinavian days of the week will show that they have the same origin: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Rajput Scandinavian and Saxon. Suryavar Sun-day. Som, or Induvar Moon-day. Budhvar Tuis-day. Mangalvar Wodens-day. Brihaspativar[a] Thors-day. Sukravar[b] Frey-day. Sani, or } -var Satur-day[c] Sanichara } ------------------------------------------------------------------------ (_a_) Brihaspati, ‘he who rides on the bull’; the steed of the Rajput god of war [probably ‘lord of prayer,’ or ‘of increase,’ confounded in the original note with Vrishapati, ‘Lord of the bull,’ a title of Siva.]] (_b_) Sukra is a Cyclop, regent of the planet Venus.] (_c_) [See Max Müller, _Selected Essays_, 1881, ii. 460 ff.]] Footnote 4.22.48: [Kumāra probably means ‘easily dying.’] Footnote 4.22.49: It will be recollected that the moon with the Rajputs as with the Scandinavians is a male divinity. The Tatars, who also consider him a male divinity, pay him especial adoration in this autumnal month. Footnote 4.22.50: [Apsaras means ‘going in the waters, or in the waters of the clouds.’] Footnote 4.22.51: [The owl is a bird of ill omen, and does not seem to be associated with Lakshmi except in Bengal.] Footnote 4.22.52: The Hindu god of riches. Footnote 4.22.53: Yamala is the great god of the Finlanders (Clarke). Footnote 4.22.54: From _go_, ‘a cow’ [_dhūli_, ‘the dust raised by them as they return to the stall’].F Footnote 4.22.55: See anecdote in Chap. 21, which elucidates this practice of princes becoming herdsmen. Footnote 4.22.56: Matsya Purana. [Vishnu is generally said to wake on the Deothān, 11th light half of Kārttik.] Footnote 4.22.57: [Makara, a kind of shark or sea-monster, marks the 10th sign of the Zodiac, Capricorn.] Footnote 4.22.58: Iswara, Isa, or as pronounced, Is. Footnote 4.22.59: [Monier-Williams in his _Sanskrit Dict._ records no such form as _phalīsa_. φαλλός = Lat. _palus_, English _pole_, _pale_. The Author follows Wilford (_Asiatic Researches_, iii. 135 f.).] Footnote 4.22.60: ‘The land of the sun’ (_aditya_). [This is impossible. The true derivation is unknown; to the Greeks the word meant ‘swarthy-faced.’] Footnote 4.22.61: Ferishta calls the Indus the Nilab, or ‘blue waters’; it is also called Abusin, the ‘father of streams.’ Footnote 4.22.62: