The sankh, or war-shell, is thrice sounded, and the nakkaras strike thrice, when the army is to march; but should it after such proclamation remain on its ground, a scape-goat is slain in front of the imperial tent. Footnote 4.23.32: This picture recalls the remembrance of Hacon and the heroes of the north; with the Valkyries or choosers of the slain; the celestial maids of war of Scandinavia. Footnote 4.23.33: [Collyrium.] Footnote 4.23.34: Baghnakh or Naharnakh. [This weapon is best known by its use by Sivaji when he slew Afzu-l Khān in 1659 at Pratāpgarh (Grant Duff, _Hist. Mahrattas_, 78). Four specimens in the Indian Museum are described, with an illustration, by Hon. W. Egerton (_Illustrated Handbook of Indian Arms_, 115).] Footnote 4.23.35: Barmala. Footnote 4.23.36: _Mala_, a necklace. The _tulasi_ [the plant _Olymum sanctum_] or _rudraksha_ [the nuts of _Elaeocarpus ganitrus_, the former worn by Vaishnavas, the latter by Saivas] had the same estimation amongst the Hindus that the mistletoe had amongst the ancient Britons, and was always worn in battle as a charm. Footnote 4.23.37: Prithiraj. Footnote 4.23.38: A Rajput never names his wife. Here it is evidently optional to the widow to live or die, though Alha shows his wish for her society above. See chapter on Satis, which will follow. Footnote 4.23.39: Sanichar. Footnote 4.23.40: It was a _jantar_ or phylactery of Hanuman the monkey deity; probably a magical stanza, with his image. Footnote 4.23.41: A crooked scimitar. Footnote 4.23.42: One of the names of Mena or Parvati. This passage will illustrate the subject of Satis in a future chapter. Footnote 4.23.43: “’Tis a pleasure (says Bernier) to see them with the fume of opium in their heads, embrace each other when the battle is to begin, and give their mutual farewells, as men resolved to die.” [Ed. 1914, p. 40. The battle of Dharmāt was fought on the banks of the river Sipra (_IGI_, xxi. 14 f.) on 15th April, 1658. Manucci was not present, but gives an account derived from Aurangzeb’s artillery officers of the battle at Dharmātpur, about 14 miles from Ujjain (i. 259 f., and see Jadunath Sarkar, _Life of Aurangzeb_, ii. 1 ff.). The latter (ii. 20 f.) speaks highly of the valour of Jaswant Singh, but Khāfi Khan (Elliot-Dowson vii. 219) says that he acted in a cowardly way. The account quoted by the author is not in the original work of Ferishta, but in Dow’s continuation (ed. 1812, iii. 206 f).]. Footnote 4.23.44: Bernier’s _History of the Late Revolution of the Empire of the Mogul_, fol. p. 13, ed. 1684 [ed. 1914, p. 40 f., where a somewhat different version is given]. Footnote 4.23.45: It is deemed unlucky to see this emblem of Ganesa in sleep. Footnote 4.23.46: The battle-shout of the Rajput. [Hara, a title of Siva.] Footnote 4.23.47: ‘Half-body,’ which we may render, in common phraseology, ‘other half.’