In addition to these remarks, it may also be observed that among savage races the medicine-men, shamans, sorcerers, rain-doctors, etc., often assume ape-like attitudes in the contortions, leaps, dances, and other gestures which are inseparable from their trade. Owing to their state of excitement, in which they are not always mentally responsible for their acts, this imitation may be often partly or wholly unconscious. It is very common among the inspired Arabs termed Haschasch, who, sometimes as dervishes, sometimes as poets or beast-tamers, roam through the country and extend their wanderings from the interior of Africa to the latticed gates of Dolma Bakhtsche. To them belong also the dancing mendicant monks of Islam, who display their ape-like gesture in the market-places and streets of Bokhara, as well as in the other chief cities of Central Asia. In this case, indeed, many gestures are conventional, and even adopted as the means of stimulating the proposed effects, but at the same time they impress us with the idea that a man under such conditions of life and work involuntarily adopts the gestures of anthropoids. When we see a Zikr, an Islamite rite of worship, accompanied by obligatory howls and contortions of body, we are tempted to imagine ourselves in the midst of a troop of wild apes. And the illusion is still stronger if the performers in the Zikr are black fakirs, dressed as warriors. The peripheral nervous system of anthropoids has not, up to this time, been analyzed with the completeness we could wish. As far as the observations of Vrolik, Gratiolet, and Alix go, together with my personal experience in this department, no marked distinction can be established between the structure of these organs in anthropoids and those of the nervous system in man. H. von Ihering has studied the relation of the nervous lumbo-sacral plexus to the vertebral column of men and animals, and has come to the conclusion that there is the most complete agreement between men and animals with respect to the relations of the vertebral column to the peripheral nervous system. According to this author, man, from the anatomical point of view, stands so completely within the class of anthropoids, that the attempt to assign to him any other place in zoology is open to the charge of being biassed by considerations which have nothing to do with facts.[94] The organs of the senses in anthropoids do not present any noteworthy points of difference from these organs in man. I have written, but not yet published, a treatise on the eyes of these animals, showing their general agreement with the conditions of the human eye. On the skin of the fingers and toes of anthropoids developed corpuscles may be detected which are connected with the sense of touch.