In my opinion it is a difficult question to decide whether there are several or only one species of chimpanzee. As things are at present, my conviction is strengthened that it is only possible to make a provisional settlement, and I am able to admit a certain constancy in the varieties of chimpanzees. First, The original representative of the species (_Troglodytes niger_, Is. Geoff. Saint-Hilaire). This animal has a round head, and the supra-orbital arches are strongly developed in the male, more slightly in the female; the countenance is not very prognathous, and has an angle of 70 degrees; the ears are from 75 to 78 mm. in height; and the whole height of the body varies between 1100 and 1300 mm. The face, hands, and feet are of a dark reddish flesh-colour, or rarely of a blackish brown or speckled general colour. The hair is either wholly black or black shot with reddish brown. Second, Another variety, bam or mandjaruma (_Troglodytes niger varietas Schweinfurthii Giglioli_). The head of this animal is somewhat long, the supra-orbital arches are only slightly developed, the nose is wide, and the upper lip rather low in comparison with the other variety; the ears are somewhat smaller, and the face is more prognathous, with an angle of 60 degrees. The limbs of this variety are slenderer, yet still strongly developed. The skin is of a dark reddish flesh-colour in youth, and with the increase of physical development it becomes a reddish brown, dark brown, or blackish. The hairy coat is black, shot with reddish or dark brown, or sometimes of a reddish brown colour, tipped with tawny or yellowish grey, especially on the back. To this variety the mandjaruma belongs, of which an illustration is given by von Issel, and also the portrait taken from life of Paulina of Loango, which is given in my osteological work on the gorilla,[103] as well as _Troglodytes Aubryi_ (?), and similar animals, of which I have given illustrations in the _Archiv. für Anatomie_.[104] The question might now be raised whether we may assume that there is any distinct species of anthropoids intermediate between the gorilla and the chimpanzee. As such, we may perhaps regard Du Chaillu’s _Troglodytes Koolo-Kamba_, Duvernoy’s _Troglodytes Tschégo_, the large stuffed animals in the Museum at Havre, and the heads of which I have given illustrations in the _Archiv für Anatomie_, plate vii. fig. 1 (1875); and in the _Zeitschrift für Ethnologie_, p. 121 (1876). Perhaps Mafuca and the ape which Livingstone found in Manyema might also be included.[105] Duvernoy’s name for the species, _Troglodytes Tschégo_, seems to me not quite suitable, since the West African chimpanzees in general are distinguished by that Latinized specific name. However, this scientific term may be accepted in default of a better, until we are enabled by the possession of more abundant materials to establish the existence of such an independent species.