it sprang into the air with outstretched arms, and then crashed down upon its face. It dragged down in its fall a liana of great strength with all its dry and green branches. Adult male gorillas attain to a height varying between 1500 to 2000 mm., and very rarely exceed that height. The height of the females is about 1500 mm. An ape of this species, examined by Ford, weighed 170 lb. without the viscera. The gorilla shot by Koppenfels in the Aschangolo mountains was more than 400 lbs. in weight. By the people of Mpongwe, Orungu, Kamma, Galloa, and Bakalay the gorilla is called Njina, Njeïna, or Indjina, and by the people of Fan it is called Nguyala. On the Loango coast it is called N’Pungu or M’Pungu. As I have already remarked, the chimpanzee occupies a much wider area than the gorilla. In West Africa it is found in the latitude of the Portuguese territory, which ranges from Cachêu in the north down to the Coanza in the south. The species is known to exist in certain districts of north and south Central Africa, and its presence is surmised in East Africa, to the south of Abyssinia, in the Djuba territory, and, as the missionary A. Nachtigall asserts, even in the remote district of Sofalla in the south-east of Africa, but I cannot pledge myself to the truth of this fact. The chimpanzee is also a denizen of forests. They subsist on wild fruits of various kinds, but they will also visit forsaken plantations, and even those which are still under cultivation, and in some cases it seems that they do not reject animal food. Pechuël-Lösche says that on the Loango coast they frequent the mountains and their vicinity. They are found in the district of Luemme as far as the lagoon of Tschissambo, and in those of Kuilu and Banya, as far as the coast. The chimpanzee either lives in separate families or in small groups of families. In many districts, as, for example, in the forest regions of Central Africa, its habits are even more arboreal than those of the gorilla. Elsewhere, as, for instance, on the south-west coast, it seems to live more upon the ground. The bam-chimpanzee of Niam-Niam inhabits the galleries, as they were called by Piaggia and Schweinfurth; that is, the forest trees growing one above the other in stages, of which the growth is so dense that it is difficult to get at them. Here the pisang plantain rises from the soil. The powerful stems, thickly overgrown with wild pepper, bear branches from which hang long streams of bearded moss, and also a parasitic growth of that remarkable fern to which Schweinfurth gave the name of elephant’s ear. The large tun-shaped structures of the tree-termites are found on the higher branches. Other stems, rotten and decayed, serve as supports for the colossal streamers of _Mucuna urens_, and form bowers overhung with impenetrable festoons, which are as large as houses, in which perpetual darkness reigns.[112]