Fig. 49.--Head-muscles of a Monjalese negro. 1, 2, Occipito-frontalis. 3, 3′, Orbicularis palpebrarum. 4, Pyramidalis nasi. 4′, Levator labii superioris. 6, Levator labii superioris alæque nasi. 6′, Compressor naris. 7′, Levator anguli oris. 8, 8′, Zygomatici major et minor. 9, Orbicularis oris. 9′, Levator menti. 9″, Depressor labii inferioris. 9‴, Depressor anguli oris. 11, Masseter. 13, Buccinator. 14, Platysma. 15, Trapezius. 17, 18, Attollens and attrahens aurem. 19, Embedded temporal muscle. 20, Retrahens aurem. 21, Sterno-mastoid. 22, Deeply set muscles of neck. A, Tendinous aponeurosis. C, Zygoma. E, Parotis. *, Stensonian duct. ] Bischoff was only able to identify a wide zygomatic muscle in the orang with the small zygomatic in man. In the orang, the gibbon, and the baboon, as well as in _Innus sinicus_ and _Ateles_, I myself was quite able to trace a division into a large and small zygomatic. In the gorilla dissected by me the levator labii superioris alæque nasi was very wide (Fig. 50, ~6~). In the case of a gorilla, Ehlers dissected the small zygomatic muscle, together with the levator labii superioris alæque nasi, in the manner introduced by Henle as a single square muscle of the upper lip (_Musculus quadratus labii superioris_). In the gorilla I observed a levator alæque nasi, together with the already mentioned levator labii superioris; but I failed to find any separate levator labii superioris. The very wide cartilage of the nose is occupied by a considerable amount of muscular tissue. All these muscles are present in the orang, but they are of small size and separated into detached bundles. The pyramidalis nasi may be traced in every instance, especially in the gorilla (Fig. 50, ~4~) and in the orang. It is not so strongly developed in the chimpanzee and gibbon, but is not absent in these apes, nor in those which are not anthropoid, such as the baboon, and ateles, or climbing ape. [Illustration: Fig. 50.--Head-muscles of gorilla presented in Fig. 3. 1, 2, Occipito-frontalis. 3, 3′, Orbicularis palpebrarum. 4, Pyramidalis nasi. 5, Levator alæ nasi. 6, Levator labii superioris alæque nasi. 7, Zygomaticus minor. 7′, Levator anguli oris. 8, Zygomaticus major. 9, 9′, Orbicularis oris. 10, Risorius. 11, 16, Masseter. 1′, Buccinator. 12, Depressor anguli oris. 13, Buccinator. 14, Platysma. 15, Trapezius. 17, Temporal. 18, 19, 20, Attrahens, attollens, and retrahens aurem. 21, Lesser muscle of helix. A, Tendinous aponeurosis. B, Cartilage of nostril. C, Zygoma. D, External ear. *, Stensonian duct. ]