Alaska -- Antiquities; Eskimos; Eskimos -- Anthropometry; Indians of North America -- Alaska; Indians of North America -- Yukon
"Decorative attempts consist of bold incised parallel transverse
lines on the upper sector of the outer surface of the vessel. Deep
corrugations appear on the inside of the rim flare. Both corrugations
and incised line decorations were made with a paddle or wood splinter
shaped for the purpose. Some of the shards have deeply incised
punctations irregularly encircling the outer surface of the vessel just
below the rim extension.
"Shallow spherical pottery lamps accompanied surface burials at
Bonasila. These lamps have a less durable tempering material than the
other pottery fragments recovered. The paste is porous and is poorly
fired. Decorative designs incised on the interior surface of the lamps
are reminiscent of typical Eskimo punctate designs as traced on the
inner circumference of rectilinear or curvilinear etchings on ivory and
bone. It is very probable that these pottery lamps are of a later date
and are of Eskimoan handicraft.
THE ALASKAN GROOVED STONE AX
[Pl. 10]
"The grooved stone ax is a typical New World implement. Its
distribution is limited to tribes of the eastern maize area, the
Pueblo tribes of the Southwest, the Athapascans, and the northern
woodlands tribes. Elsewhere in America grooved stone implements of
any description are rare, although not unknown. The groove for the
attachment of cord or sinew binding is common also to the stone adze,
which is characteristic of Indian tribes of the Pacific Northwest
and of the Eskimo of Arctic America. The distribution of the stone
adze is more intensive but is much less extensive than is that of the
grooved stone ax and appears to be an environmental form borrowed from
the Arctic tribes by the Indian of southeast Alaska and of British
Columbia.
"The double-bitted, multiple-grooved stone ax has two areas of
distribution in North America. One of these is the country of the
northeastern woodlands Indians, extending as far south as the Central
Atlantic States. The other area of distribution is the extreme
northwest, or the mainland of Alaska.
"In the collection brought to the National Museum from Alaska by
Doctor Hrdlička are eight grooved stone implements. All but one of
these have cutting edges for use as axes or adzes. The exception,
Cat. No. 332809, U.S.N.M., is a grooved spherical stone maul or club
9.5 centimeters (3.7 inches) long and 7.5 centimeters (2.9 inches)
in sectional diameter. This grooved object was found near Tanana on
the beach of the Yukon River. Like the grooved stone axes in Doctor
Hrdlička's collection, the groove is incomplete. A flattened space
of approximately 2 centimeters is left un-grooved for the hafting of
a flat surfaced handle end with binding, which is passed around the
transverse groove and then through a hole in the wooden handle.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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