Alaska -- Antiquities; Eskimos; Eskimos -- Anthropometry; Indians of North America -- Alaska; Indians of North America -- Yukon
The teeth of the Eskimos are regular, but from the nature of
their food and from their practice of preparing hides by chewing,
are worn down almost to the gums at an early age. Their hair is
straight, black, and coarse; the men have it closely cut on the
crown, like that of a Capuchin friar, leaving a band about two
inches broad, which gradually increases in length towards the back
of the neck; the women merely part their hair in the middle, and,
if wealthy, ornament it with strings of beads. The possession of a
beard is very rare, but a slight moustache is not infrequent. Their
complexion, if divested of its usual covering of dirt, can hardly
be called dark; on the contrary, it displays a healthy, rosy tint,
and were it not for the custom of tattooing the chin some of the
girls might be called pretty, even in the European acceptation of
the term.
1861, Richardson:[73]
The Eskimos are remarkably uniform in physical appearance
throughout their far-stretching area, there being perhaps no other
nation in the world so unmixed in blood. Frobisher's people were
struck with their resemblance in features and general aspect to the
Samoyeds and their physiognomy has been held by all ethnologists
to be of the Mongolian or Tartar type. Doctor Latham calls the
Samoyeds Hyperborean Mongolidae, and the Eskimos he ranges among
the American Mongolidae, embracing in the latter group all the
native races of the New World. The Mongol type of countenance is,
however, more strongly reproduced in the Eskimos than in the red
Indians--the conterminous Tinné tribes differing greatly in their
features, and the more remote Indians still more.
Generally the Eskimos have broadly egg-shaped faces with
considerable prominence of the rounded cheeks caused by the arching
of the cheek bones, but few or no angular projections even in the
old people, whose features are always much weather beaten and
furrowed. The greatest breadth of the face is just below the eyes,
the forehead tapers upward, ending narrowly, but not acutely, and
in like manner the chin is a blunt cone; both the forehead and the
chin recede, the egg outline showing in profile, though not so
strongly, as in a front view. The nose is broad and depressed, but
not in all, some individuals having prominent noses, yet almost all
have wider nostrils than Europeans. The eyes have small and oblique
apertures like the Chinese, and from frequent attacks of ophthalmia
and the effect of lamp smoke in their winter habitations adults of
both sexes are disfigured by excoriated or ulcerated eyelids. The
sight of these people is, from its constant exercise, extremely
keen, and the habit of bringing the eyelids nearly together when
looking at distant objects has in all the grown males produced a
striking cluster of furrows radiating from the outer corners of
each eye over the temples.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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