Equally as engaging as the whole face of the Eskimo skull is the cranial nose. Our data throw much light on this feature also. Where the dimensions of the whole face are altered by some cause the nose can not remain unaffected. This is especially true of its height, which correlates directly and closely with that of the face proper; the correlation of the breadth of the nose with that of the face is weaker and more irregular, but not absent where not counteracted by other factors. Accordingly with the high Eskimo upper face there is found also a high nose, both being the highest known to anthropometry. But the nasal breadth, instead of responding to the considerable facial breadth, has become smaller, until in some of the Eskimo groups it is the smallest of all known human groups. There is plainly another potent factor in action here. This factor could conceivably be connected simply with the above-average growth of the facial bones; but if this were so then individuals with smaller development of these bones ought to have broader noses, and vice versa. This point can readily be tested. Taking the largest and best cranial series, that of St. Lawrence Island, and selecting the skulls with the smallest and the largest faces, the facts come out as follows: ----------------------+------------------------+------------------------ | Smallest development | Largest development | of face | of face +-------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-------- | Face | Face |Breadth | Face | Face |Breadth | height|breadth|of nasal| height|breadth|of nasal |(upper)| |aperture| | |aperture ----------------------+-------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-------- 10 males | 7.52 | 13.64 | 2.37 | 8.46 | 14.79| 2.49 10 females | 6.81 | 12.56 | 2.37 | 7.54 | 14.02| 2.40 Percentage relation | | | | | | of breadth of nose | | | | | | to mean diameter of | | | | | | face: | | | | | | Male | | | _22.4_ | | | _21.4_ Female | | | _24.5_ | | | _22.2_ ----------------------+-------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-------- The above data show that while the narrow nose in the Eskimo is to some extent affected by the large development in these people of the facial bones, yet there must be also other factors. But if not wholly connected with the development of the facial bones, then some of the causes of the narrow nose in the Eskimo must either be inherited from far back or must be due to influences outside the face itself.