14. Let there be seven men to judge in every city, 20 and these such as
have been before most zealous in the exercise of virtue and
righteousness. Let every judge have two officers allotted him out of the
tribe of Levi. Let those that are chosen to judge in the several cities
be had in great honor; and let none be permitted to revile any others
when these are present, nor to carry themselves in an insolent manner to
them; it being natural that reverence towards those in high offices
among men should procure men's fear and reverence towards God. Let those
that judge be permitted to determine according as they think to be
right, unless any one can show that they have taken bribes, to the
perversion of justice, or can allege any other accusation against them,
whereby it may appear that they have passed an unjust sentence; for it
is not fit that causes should be openly determined out of regard to
gain, or to the dignity of the suitors, but that the judges should
esteem what is right before all other things, otherwise God will by that
means be despised, and esteemed inferior to those, the dread of whose
power has occasioned the unjust sentence; for justice is the power of
God. He therefore that gratifies those in great dignity, supposes them
more potent than God himself. But if these judges be unable to give a
just sentence about the causes that come before them, [which case is not
unfrequent in human affairs,] let them send the cause undetermined to
the holy city, and there let the high priest, the prophet, and the
sanhedrim, determine as it shall seem good to them.
15. But let not a single witness be credited, but three, or two at the
least, and those such whose testimony is confirmed by their good lives.
But let not the testimony of women be admitted, on account of the levity
and boldness of their sex 21 Nor let servants be admitted to give
testimony, on account of the ignobility of their soul; since it is
probable that they may not speak truth, either out of hope of gain, or
fear of punishment. But if any one be believed to have borne false
witness, let him, when he is convicted, suffer all the very same
punishments which he against whom he bore witness was to have suffered.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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