[195] The medical school of Salerno (_latine_ Salernum) was founded by Robert Guiscard at the end of the 11th century; and about the year 1100 a collection of medical aphorisms, was composed in Latin verse by a certain John of Milan, and published under the title of _Medicina Salertina_. Of this poem, which originally consisted of 1239 verses, only 373, or about a third, are extant. These were published at Paris in 1625 by Réné Moreau; in 1653 it was travestied by L. Martin; paraphrased by Bruzen de la Martinière in 1743, and by Dr. Levacher de la Feuverie in 1782. [196] De tuto cantharidum in medicinâ usu interno. [197] Arnaud de Villeneuve was one of the luminaries of the 13th century, being distinguished for his profound knowledge of medicine, chemistry, astrology, and theology. He discovered the sulphuric, muriatic and nitric acids, and was the first to compose alcohol and the essence of terebinth or turpentine. [198] Traité des dispenses du carême. [199] "Any man," said Abernethy, the celebrated and eccentric surgeon, "that drinks coffee and soda water, and smokes cigars, may lie with my wife." [200] De Aer: Aquā et Locis. Liber, caput x. [201] Comment. in Boerh. Aphor. sec. 1063, Vol. III. [202] _De Machinis_, C. IV. [203] No. 206. [204] _Exercitatio de aciá_, Cap. 4, _et seq._ [205] Odyssey VIII. line 477. [206] Introd. to Hesiod, cap. VI. p. 14. Edit. Plautin, 1603, in voce [Greek: aoidos]. [207] Annals of Gallantry. [208] Celsus has described the operation, in detail. Medicina, lib. VII. c. 25. [209] Juvenal, Sat. VI. v. 379-80. [210] Ibid., v. 73-74. [211] Martialis, lib. XIV. Ep. 215. [212] Martialis, lib. VII. Ep. 81. [213] Holiday's Juvenal, Sat. VI., illustr. 11, note "_Unbutton a Comedian_." For a copy see plate VII., fig. 1. and 2. [214] Monumenti Antichi inediti. Rome, 1767, fol., p. IV. c. 8, p. 247, fig. 188. [215] Martial, Lib. IX. Epig. 28, v. 12. [216] Travels in Africa and Egypt. [217] "There (in the arsenal) are also various whimsical bolts and locks with which he (Carrera) used to keep his concubines confined." Travels in Italy. See _The World_, vol. 18, p. 154. [218] Brantome, Dames Galantes, tom. iii., p. 138. [219] Le Cadenas. This poem was composed by the author when he was only eighteen years of age, and it was occasioned by a lady who was in the circumstances here spoken of. [220] Dr Smollett's translation, Vol. XXXII. [221] Sine Baccho et Cerere friget Venus.