Marquardt (J.), Römische Staatsverwaltung, iii. 131-142, in vol. vi. of Marquardt and Mommsen’s Handbuch der römischen Altherthümer (Leipzig; 1878); an excellent summary with valuable notes, especially the section “Ersatz der Gentes durch die Sodalitates für fremde Culte.” Boissier (G.), La Religion romaine d’Auguste aux Antonins (Paris; 2nd ed. 1878), ii. 238-304 (1st ed. 1874). Hatch (E.), The Organization of the Early Christian Churches: The Bampton Lectures for 1880 (London; 2nd ed. 1882); see especially Lecture ii., “Bishops and Deacons,” pp. 26-32: German ed. Die Gesellschaftsverfassung der christlichen Kirchen in Althertum (1883), p. 20; see this for additional literature. Newmann (K. J.), “θιασῶται Ἰησοῦ,” art. in Jahrbb. für prot. Theol. (Leipzig, etc.; 1885), pp. 123-125. Schürer (E.), A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ, Eng. tr. (Edinburgh; 1893), Div. ii, vol. ii. pp. 255 and 300. Owen (J.), “On the Organization of the Early Church,” an Introductory Essay to the English translation of Harnack’s Sources of the Apostolic Canons (London; 1895). Anst (E.), Die Religion der Römer; vol. xiii. Darstellungen aus dem Gebiete der nichtchristlichen Religionsgeschichte (Münster i. W.; 1899). See also Whiston and Wayte’s art. “Arvales Fratres,” and Moyle’s arts. “Collegium” and “Universitas,” in Smith, Wayte and Marindin’s Dict. of Greek and Roman Antiquities (London; 3rd ed. 1890-1891); and also, of course, the arts. “Collegium” and “Sodalitas” in Pauly’s Realencyclopädie der classichen Alterthumswissenschaft, though they are now somewhat out of date. FOOTNOTES [1] From a fragment of The Cretans. See Lobeck’s Aglaophamus, p. 622. [2] Pronounced Týǎna, with the accent on the first syllable and the first a short. [3] Alexander sive Pseudomantis, vi. [4] De Magia, xc. (ed. Hildebrand, 1842, ii. 614). [5] τελέσματα. _Telesma_ was “a consecrated object, turned by the Arabs into _telsam_ (_talisman_)”; see Liddell and Scott’s Lexicon, sub voc. [6] Justin Martyr, Opera, ed. Otto (2nd ed.; Jena, 1849), iii. 32. [7] Lib. lxxvii. 18. [8] Life of Alexander Severus, xxix. [9] Life of Aurelian, xxiv. [10] “_Quæ qui velit nosse, græcos legat libros qui de ejus vita conscripti sunt._” These accounts were probably the books of Maximus, Mœragenes, and Philostratus. [11] An Egyptian epic poet, who wrote several poetical histories in Greek; he flourished in the last decade of the third century. [12] Sidonius Apollinaris, Epp., viii. 3. See also Legrand d’Aussy, Vie d’Apollonius de Tyane (Paris; 1807), p. xlvii. [13] Porphyry, De Vita Pythagoræ, section ii., ed. Kiessling (Leipzig; 1816). Iamblichus De Vita Pythagorica, chap. xxv., ed. Kiessling (Leipzig; 1813); see especially K.’s note, pp. 11 sqq. See also Porphyry, Frag., De Styge, p. 285, ed. Holst.