[89] See especially iii. 15, 41; v. 5, 10; vii. 10, 13; viii. 28. [90] ἐκφατνίσματα. [91] See especially vii. 13, 14, 15, 22, 31. [92] The list is full of gaps, so that we cannot suppose that Damis’ notes were anything like complete records of the numerous itineraries; not only so, but one is tempted to believe that whole journeys, in which Damis had no share, are omitted. [93] Here at any rate they came in sight of the giant mountains, the Imaus (Himavat) or Himālayan Range, where was the great mountain Meros (Meru). The name of the Hindu Olympus being changed into Meros in Greek had, ever since Alexander’s expedition, given rise to the myth that Bacchus was born from the thigh (_meros_) of Zeus--presumably one of the facts which led Professor Max Müller to stigmatise the whole of mythology as a “disease of language.” [94] Referring to his instructors he says, “I ever remember my masters and journey through the world teaching what I have learned from them” (vi. 18). [95] According to some, Apollonius would be now about sixty-eight years of age. But if he were still young (say thirty years old or so) when he left for India, he must either have spent a very long period in that country, or we have a very imperfect record of his doings in Asia Minor, Greece, Italy, and Spain, after his return. [96] For the most recent study in English on the subject of Æsculapius see The Cult of Asclepios, by Alice Walton, Ph.D., in No. III. of The Cornell Studies in Classical Philology (Ithaca, N.Y.; 1894). [97] He evidently wrote the notes of the Indian travels long after the time at which they were made. [98] This shows that Philostratus came across them in some work or letter of Apollonius, and is therefore independent of Damis’ account for this particular. [99] I--arχas, arχa(t)s, arhat. [100] Tantalus is fabled to have stolen the cup of nectar from the gods; this was the amṛita, the ocean of immortality and wisdom, of the Indians. [101] The words οὐδεν κεκτημένους ἢ τὰ πάντων, which Philostratus quotes twice in this form, can certainly not be changed into μηδὲν κεκτημένους τὰ πάντων ἔχειν without doing unwarrantable violence to their meaning. [102] See Tacitus, Historia, ii. 3. [103] Berwick, Life of Apollonius, p. 200 _n._ [104] He also built a precinct round the tomb of Leonidas at Thermopylæ (iv. 23). [105] A great centre of divination by means of dreams (see ii. 37). [106] The word γυμνός (naked), however, usually means lightly clad, as, for instance, when a man is said to plough “naked,” that is with only one garment, and this is evident from the comparison made between the costume of the Gymnosophists and that of people in the hot weather at Athens (vi. 6). [107] For they had neither huts nor houses, but lived in the open air.