Apparitions and thought-transference: an examination of the evidence for telepathyPodmore, Frank
Philosophy
Apparitions and thought-transference: an examination of the evidence for telepathy
Podmore, Frank
Apparitions; Telepathy
"I call 'Ready?' The percipient says, 'Yes.' We have been drawing
at the same time in different rooms. On returning to the study I
compare the drawings and see with astonishment that Fräulein A. has
drawn a serpent. Even the open mouth and the thickened end of the
tail in the reproduction agree with the original. The experiment
has succeeded in its essential part, and as regards strictness of
conditions I think it quite unassailable. Unconscious suggestion
is absolutely excluded, when agent and percipient are in different
rooms. Any corresponding association of ideas seems to me also
impossible, for the idea of the staff of Æsculapius first occurred
to me in the other room. In the study there is no object which
could have led up to the idea--no indication which could have
pointed out the way."
The percipient had, in fact, drawn a spiral figure apparently intended
to represent a serpent.
The two other experiments here referred to were performed in immediate
succession, and under precisely similar conditions, the time allowed in
each case being about two minutes.
In the second experiment the agent drew an arrow; the percipient drew
another spiral, with intersecting loops. In this case, as the agent
points out, the original idea of the serpent appears to have persisted
in the percipient's mind.
In the third experiment the agent drew a triangle inscribed in a
circle; also two diameters to the circle, crossing each other at
right angles, the vertical diameter bisecting the upper angle of the
triangle. The agent writes:--
"The drawing was done in the following way. I began with the
triangle, and then drew the perpendicular on the base. The idea
that thereupon occurred to me, that the figure was too simple,
induced me to add a circle and to prolong the perpendicular to
the circumference; finally I added the horizontal diameter. The
percipient was drawing at the same time at table _b_, sitting
on chair 5, with her back to the closed door of communication.
Question from the next room, 'Are you ready?' Answer, 'Stop,' as I
am about to open the door. Then, 'Now.' I open the door and enter
the room. The two drawings agree except that the circle and the
horizontal diameter are wanting. Even the perpendicular of the
triangle, which has become obtuse angled, is prolonged beyond the
base, just as in the original. This prolongation and addition of
the perpendicular cannot be explained by any tendency of ideas to
recur (diagram-habit). Only the fact that a triangle was drawn
might, taken alone, be explained in some such way."
Figures of the original diagrams in this case are given in the
_Proceedings of the S.P.R._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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