Some experiments with diagrams, conducted in July 1890 by Drs. Grimaldi and Fronda, have been published by Lombroso.[25] The subject was a young man of twenty, subject to hysterical attacks and spontaneous somnambulism. The first experiments were made in the hypnotic state, with numbers, and met with only moderate success. Later, however, the trials were made in the normal state. At the first sitting diagrams were tried. The subject had his eyes firmly bandaged and his ears plugged with cotton wool. The diagrams were drawn at a certain distance (_ad una certa distanza_) from the subject, and behind him. Under these conditions the first five experiments were completely successful; the subject reproduced in turn a rhomb, a circle, a triangle, an irregular pentagon, shaped something like the profile of a barn, and a cone. The next experiment failed, only a formless scribble being obtained. The subject was much exhausted, and fell into a semi-cataleptic state as soon as the bandage was removed. Some success was obtained in later sittings, in the guessing of names and in the execution of mental commands. But the experiments had soon to be abandoned, on account of the health of the percipient. Other experiments with diagrams, in addition to those above referred to, will be found in the _Proceedings of the S.P.R._, vol. i. pp. 161-215, by Mr. Gurney, the writer, and others; vol. ii. pp. 207-216, by Mr. W. J. Smith. The paper on Thought-transference, etc., by Professor C. Richet, _Proceedings_, vol. v. pp. 18-168, should also be consulted in this connection. FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 15: See, for instance, Puységur, _Memoires pour servir à l'établissement du magnétisme_, pp. 22, 29 _et seq._, and Pététin, _Electricité Animale_, p. 127, etc. (quoted by Dr. Ochorowicz, _De la Suggestion mentale_).] [Footnote 16: Some trials were made by Mr. Guthrie with imagined tunes. But they were in no instance successful without contact; and as obviously the chances of unconscious indications being given, in any case considerable where tunes are in question, are much increased by contact, we should not be justified in regarding successful results, under such conditions, as even _prima facie_ due to Thought-transference. (See _Proc. S.P.R._, vol. iii. pp. 426, 447, 448.)] [Footnote 17: See below, Chapter III.--Mrs. Sidgwick's experiments.] [Footnote 18: The calculation is by Professor F. Y. Edgeworth. (See _Proc. S.P.R._, vol. iii. p. 190.) Of course the statement in the text must not be taken as indicating the belief of Mr. Edgeworth or the writer or any one else that the above figures demonstrate Thought-transference as the cause of the results attained. The results may conceivably have been due to some error of observation or of reporting. But the figures are sufficient to prove, what is here claimed for them, that _some_ cause must be sought for the results other than chance.] [Footnote 19: _Proc. American S.P.R._, pp. 17 _et seq._]