Abroad, the older types of furnace, the Willson, Bullier, and Héroult, are those chiefly in use. The actual ingot of good commercial carbide is nearly pure--ninety-six to ninety-nine per cent--but the ingot is surrounded by a crust of carbide mixed with unchanged material, containing forty to seventy per cent of carbide. Foreign makers break and blend ingot and crust to standard size, the best makers guaranteeing their carbide ninety per cent pure, giving five cubic feet of acetylene per pound (pure carbide gives 5.89 cubic feet). Eight to nine pounds of carbide per horse power in twenty-four hours, averaging five cubic feet of acetylene, is considered satisfactory work. The Union Carbide Company, which controls the sale of carbide in the United States, is selling graded carbides under guarantee, the first grade being the nearly pure ingot, the lower grade the crust. [Illustration: HORRY FURNACE, SHOWING ELECTRODES.[5]] [Illustration: HORRY FURNACE, SHOWING GEARING.[5]] [Illustration: HORRY FURNACE, SHOWING CARBIDE JUST REMOVED.[5]] [Footnote 5: NOTE.--We are indebted to the courtesy of the Electrical World and Engineer for cuts showing the Horry furnace.] As the moisture of the air decomposes the carbide, it must be broken up as soon as made, and packed in air-tight tin cans, varying in size from one to four hundred pounds. The present price of carbide abroad averages $96.80 in large lots, and $7.26 per hundredweight in small lots, packing included; in the United States, $70 per ton in large lots, and $4.50 per hundredweight in small lots, packing included. In 1898, 4,650 tons are said to have been made in the United States and Canada, and a much larger amount abroad. The output for 1899 is estimated at 12,000 tons for the United States, with a capacity in the new works in erection at Sault Ste. Marie and at Niagara Falls of 41,000 tons. The new works building in Europe, to be finished in 1899-1900, have a capacity for making 80,000 metric tons. These figures will justify the statement made at the beginning of this article, that the new industry has found ample capital.