According to an Arab history _kaat_ was used by the Arabs before the coffee-plant became naturalized in the highlands of Yemen. At present coffee and kaat grow together. Both are considered lawful to Moslems, and Yemen’s chief source of wealth is its coffee export. The principal districts for coffee-culture stretch north of Taiz to Lohaia and Kankaban and Sana, and the variety of the product depends mostly on the elevation of the plantation. There are three distinct stages in its culture. First the seed is prepared by removing the shell or pericarp; it is then mingled with wood ashes and dried in the shade. Then the seed is planted in prepared beds of rich soil, mingled with manure; the beds are covered with branches of trees to protect the young plants from the heat of the sun and they are watered every six or seven days. Lastly after six weeks the plants are carefully removed from the ground and planted in rows at a distance of two or three feet from each other. After two or three years the coffee-tree begins to yield. The gardens in Yemen are all constructed in terraces along the mountain-side and are exceedingly beautiful when the plant is in full bloom. When the berries are ripe they are plucked from the tree and dried in the sun; afterwards packed in gunnybags they are sent to the coast. The Arabs of Yemen seldom use the bean in making coffee but utilize the shell or husk; the beverage is less strong, more sweet and of course cheaper. Coffee is sown in March, budding begins in May, and the crop is gathered in September. A great deal of Yemen coffee finds its way overland to the interior of Arabia in addition to the export to Aden and Hodeida; Mokha was once the great emporium but has utterly decayed and now consists of only a few houses in ruined condition and a dilapidated Mosque. Appendix IV AN ARABIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY A. The Geography of Arabia Andrew, (Sir W. P.)—The Euphrates Valley Route (London, 1882). Barthema, (Ludovico.)—Travels in Arabia translated by R. Eden (1576). Begum of Bhopal—Pilgrimage to Mecca (London, 1870). Bent, (Theodore and Mrs.)—South Arabia (London, 1899). Blunt, (Lady Ann.)—A pilgrimage to Nedj, 2 vols. (London, 1883). ” ” ” —The Bedouins of the Euphrates (London, 1879). Buist, (Dr.)—Physical Geography of the Red Sea (no date). Burckhardt, (John Lewis.)—Notes on the Bedouins and Wahabis, 2 vols. (London, 1830; in German, Weimar, 1831). Burckhardt, (John Lewis.)—Travels in Arabia, 2 vols. (London, 1830). Burton, (Richard.)—Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medina and Mecca (London, 1857). Chesney—Survey of the Euphrates and Tigris, 4 vols. (London, 1850). Cloupet—Nouveau Voyage dans l’Arabie Heureuse en 1788 (Paris, 1810). Constable, (Capt. C. G., and Lieut. A. W. Stiffe.)—The Persian Gulf Pilot (London, 1870, 1893).