[27] “The Hadramaut: a Journey” by Theodore Bent. _Nineteenth Century_, September, 1894. Also Mrs. Bent’s “Yafei and Fadhli countries.” _Geographical Journal_, July, 1898. [28] Le Hadramont et les Colonies Arabes dans le Archipel Indien par L.W.C. Van den Berg. Batavia, 1886. By order of the Government. [29] Notes on the Mahrah Tribe with vocabulary of their language; notes on the Gharah tribe; geography of the southeast coast of Arabia;—July, 1845, July, 1847; and January, 1851, in the journal of the Society. [30] The most characteristic difference between Mahri and Arabic is the substitution of _Shin_ (sh) for _Kaf_ (k) in many words. [31] “History of Oman.“ [32] The remainder of the chapter is quoted from the letters of my brother, Rev. P. J. Zwemer, and the sketch of Tenoof was drawn by him on one of his journeys. [33] These islands are identified by Sprenger and others with Dedan of the Scriptures, (_Ezekiel_ xxvii. 15), and were known to the Romans by the name of Tylos. Pliny writes of the cotton-trees, “_arbores vocant gossympinos fertiliore etiam Tylo minore_.”—(xii. 10). Strabo describes the Phœnician temples that existed on the islands, and Ptolemy speaks of the pearl-fisheries which from time immemorial flourished along these coasts. The geographer, Juba, also tells of a battle fought off the islands between the Romans and the Arabs. Ptolemy’s ancient map shows how little was known as to the size or location of the group. Even Niebuhr’s map, which is wonderfully correct in the main, makes a great error in the position of the islands; in his day the two principal islands were called Owal and Arad, names which still linger. [34] This cost is divided as follows: Fishing smack _r._ 400, wages of 10 divers _r._ 2,000; wages of 12 rope-holders _r._ 2,400; apparatus _r._ 40. Total _rupees_ 4,810. [35] The _Mashooah_ is a much smaller boat, like the English jolly-boat, and is used in the harbor and for short journeys around the islands. [36] The only remarkable exception is the Jebel Sinam—a rough hill of basaltic rock that crops out in the midst of the alluvial delta near Zobeir; a peculiar phenomenon, but proving Doughty’s general scheme for the Arabian geology correct even here. [37] The dates of Hassa and Oman may equal those of Busrah but the gardens are inferior and the quantity produced is not so large. [38] The last named is outside of our present subject and is a misnomer given by Turkish audacity to the region of Hassa. [39] Kuweit is the Arabic diminutive of _Kut_ a walled-village; the place is called Grane on some maps—evidently a corruption of _Kurein_ or “little horn,” a name given to an island in the harbor. [40] For the interesting history of the cities that occupied the site of Busrah before the days of Islam, and as far back as Nebuchadnezzar, see Ainsworth’s “Personal narrative of the Euphrates expedition.”