[290] Two customs, namely, tying the toes of the corpse, and placing a knife, or rather a sword, upon the body, are still common in some Muslim countries; but I did not hear of their being observed in Egypt, nor the custom of putting salt with the knife or sword. Iron and salt are both believed to repel genii, and to prevent their approach, and hence, perhaps, are thus used. [291] It is a common custom for a Muslim, on a military expedition, or during a long journey, especially in the desert, to carry his grave-linen with him; for he is extremely careful that he may be buried according to the law. [292] More than one is unusual; but at the funeral of Moḥammad ´Alee, which I witnessed in Cairo, about eighty buffaloes were thus driven in the procession.--E. S. P. [293] See further Modern Egyptians, ch. xxviii. [294] See above, 23 and 24. [295] Preliminary Discourse, section iv. [296] So in the Ḳámoos, and in my MS. of the ´Ajáïb el-Makhlooḳát of El-Ḳazweenee; but by Sale written "Borhût." [297] The Mohammadan law distinguishes several different descriptions of martyrs. This honourable title is given to the soldier who dies in fighting for the faith, or on his way to do so, or who dies almost immediately after his having been wounded when so engaged; to a person who innocently meets with his death from the hand of another; to a victim of the plague, who does not flee from the disease, or of dysentery; to a person who is drowned, and to one who is killed by the falling of a wall or any building. [298] Murshid ez-Zoowár ilà Ḳuboor, el-Abrár (the Director of the Visitors to the Tombs of the Just) by ´Abd-er-Raḥmán El-Khazrejee El-Anṣáree: MS. in my possession. [299] ´Ajáïb el-Makhlooḳát. INDEX. Aạshà, El- (poet), 155 Aạwar, El- (son of Satan), 33 ´Abd-El-Ḳádir El-Jeelánee (saint), 50, _n._ ´Abd-El-Melik (Khaleefeh, A.D. 685-705), 113, 114, 156, 168 Abel, 92 Ablutions, 11 ---- before meals, 136 Abodes of the Jinn (Genii), 37, 104 Aboo-Bekr Eṭ-Ṭoosee (theologian), 73 Aboo-Murrah (surname of Satan), 31 Aboo-Zeyd, romance of, 127 Abraham, 2, 93 Abstinence, 14 Abu-l-´Atáhiyeh (poet), 114, 115 Abu-l-Ghimr (surname of Satan), 31 Abu-l-Ḳásim El-Jeelánee, 55 Abyssinian slaves, 250, 253, 254 Accomplishments, 205, 239 ´Ad, ancient tribe of, 105, 265 Adam, 2 Adán (call to prayer), 11, 186 Adhriyoon (anemone), 166, _n._ ´Adid, El-, (Fáṭimee Khaleefeh, A.D. 1160-1171), 216, _n._ Adultery, 17 Agathodaemon, 39 Aḥmad El-Bedawee (saint), 50, _n._, 62, 63, 72 Aḥmad Rifá´ah (saint), 50, _n._ Aḥmedeeyeh darweeshes, 50, _n._ ´Aïsheh (wife of Moḥammad), 34, 239 ´Ajameeyeh (a sweet paste), 23 ´Ajweh (pressed dates), 160 ´Aḳeeḳah (victim), 191 Alchymy, 94 ´Alee, 266 ´Alee's wives, 222 ´Alee El-Bekree (saint), 65-69 ´Alee ibn-El-Ma-moon, 53