There appears to be a great resemblance between many of the military and warlike expeditions undertaken by Muhammad in Arabia, and those of the Jews, as narrated in the historical works of the Old Testament, in Palestine. In both countries God was used as the authority, and individuals and tribes were attacked and slaughtered much in the same way. Indeed, if the numbers slain, as recorded by the Jewish historians, are to be depended upon, it can only be inferred that the God of the Jews was more vindictive and bloodthirsty than the God of the Arabs. At the present time the Soudanese and their Khalifahs seem to be following very much in the steps of Muhammad, constantly sending forth military expeditions, and issuing letters to foreign potentates. In conclusion, the dogmas and precepts of Islam, as embodied in the Koran, may be summed up as follows: (1) Belief in Allah or God, or, more correctly, 'The God;' that is, the only God. 'Al,' the; 'Ilah,' a God. (2) Belief in the Messengers or Angels. (3) Belief in the Books or Scriptures, and in the Prophets. (4) Belief in Hell and Paradise. (5) Belief in a general resurrection and final judgment. (6) Belief in the decrees of God, or of His having absolutely predestined both good and evil. The five cardinal ordinances of Islam are: (1) The pious recitation of the Kalimah, or Creed: 'There is no God but the one God, and Muhammad is his Apostle.' (2) Prayer. (3) Fasting. (4) Legal and obligatory almsgiving. (5) Pilgrimage. There are several other points connected with the institutions of Islam, such as-- (1) Circumcision. (2) Marriage and polygamy. (3) Slavery. (4) The Jihad, or Holy War. (5) Food, drink and ablutions. But full details connected with the above will be found, if required, in Hughes 'Dictionary of Islam,' so that further reference to them here is unnecessary. It must, however, always be remembered that faith and prayer were the two points which Muhammad always insisted upon as absolutely essential.