[173] Several of the authors quoted above, divide the _species_ Lepra into four modifications or varieties: the Lepra Leonina, Lepra Elephantia, Lepra Alopecia, and Lepra Tyria. This division, which some of them freely allow to be founded more in theory than in nature, seems to have been first proposed by Constantinus Africanus. (_De Morborum Cognitione_, chap. 17.) Like the fanciful fourfold subdivision of other diseases, it was made in correspondence with the Hippocratic and Galenic doctrine of the four humours. Theodoric, Arnald, Gilbert, and the other authors who, in accordance with the pathological creeds of the time, were led to adopt it, attribute each particular variety to the operation and predominance of a particular humour. John of Gaddesden has attempted, in his _Rosa Anglica_, to dress up different medical doctrines in rude Latin hexameters, and amongst others, he announces the doctrine in question in the five following lines:— Sub specie tetrâ deturpat corpora LEPRA; TIRIA prima datur, de _flegmate_ quae generatur; Turpe pilos pascens ALOPICUS, _sanguine_ nascens; Fitque LEONINA, _colera_, fervente canina; De _Mel_ _(Melancholia)_ fit tristis ELEFANTIA, tristior istis. [174] The _History of Physick_, 5th edit. 1758, vol. ii. p. 263. [175] Freind, p. 262. [176] Sprengel, vol. ii. p. 448. [177] _Bernhardi Gordonii Opera Medica_, Lugd. 1542, pp. 48 and 49. [178] _Ib._ p. 54. [179] See Freind, Sprengel, Eloy, etc. [180] In the _Biographie Universelle, ancienne et moderne_, Paris, 1813, tom. viii. p. 293, a third Pope, Innocent VI., is added to this list. [181] _Chirurgiae Libri Septem_, Lugd. 1572, p. 307, _sqq._ [182] _Gilberti Anglici Compendium Medicinae, tam morborum universalium quam particularium, non solum medicis sed et chyrurgicis utilissimum._ Vienna, 1510. [183] Eloy’s _Dictionnaire Historique de Medecine, Ancienne et Moderne_, 1778, tome ii. p. 349. Aitkin’s _Biographical Memoirs of Medicine in Great Britain_, 1780, p. ix. [184] Freind’s _History of Medicine_, 5th edition, vol. ii. p. 268. [185] _Compendium Medicinæ_ (ut supra), p. 340. [186] _Nosologia Methodica_, tome v. p. 229. Before citing Gilbert’s description, Sauvages observes, “Plures hujus morbi (Elephantiasis) varietates sunt quarum nomina et signa ex Gilberto Anglo mutuabimur, loco Leprae Elephantiasin nominando.” [187] _Memoires de Medecine et de Physique Medicale tirés des Registres de la Societé Royale de Medecine_, Années 1782-83, p. 200. Speaking of the Greek elephantiasis, or elephantiasis legitima of Sauvages, they observe “on ne trouvoit nulle part, pas même dans Arétée de Cappadoce, une exposition plus claire que celle qui a été donnée par Gilbert, Medecin Anglois du seizieme (?) siecle.” [188] Sprengel’s _Histoire de la Medecine_ (Jourdain’s translation). Tome ii. p. 404.