The Sabeans worshipped the many-breasted Artemis under the name Almaquah, which is radically _alma_, and the Greeks used the word _alma_ as an adjective meaning _nourishing_. The river Almo near Rome was seemingly named after the All Mother, for in this stream the Romans used ceremoniously to bathe and purify the statue of Ma, the World Mother, whose consort was known as Pappas. Pappas is the Greek equivalent to Papa, and Ma or Mama meaning _mother_ is so used practically all the world over. Skeat is contemptuous towards _mama_, describing it as "a mere repetition of _ma_ an infantile syllable; many other languages have something like it". Not only all over Asia Minor but also in Burmah and Hindustan _ma_ meant mother; in China _mother_ is _mi_ or _mu_, and in South America as in Chaldea and all over Europe _mama_ meant mother; Mammal is of course traceable to the same root, and it is evident that even were _ma_ merely an infantile syllable it obviously carried far more than a contemptible or negligible meaning. [Illustration: MA. FIG. 24.--The Egyptian Ma or "Truth".] In Europe, Alma and Ilma are proper names which are defined as having meant either Celtic _all good_, Latin _kindly_, or Jewish _maiden_. In Finnish mythology the Creatrix of the Universe, or Virgin Daughter of the Air is named Ilmatar, which is evidently the _All Mater_ or _All Mother_. Alma was no doubt the almoner of aliment, and her symbol was the _almond_. In Scotland where there is a river Almond, _ben_ means mountain or head, and _ben_ varies almost invariably into _pen_, from the Apennines to the Pennine Range. It is said that Pan was worshipped in South America, and that his name was commemorated in the place-name Mayapan. Among the Mandan Indians, _pan_ meant _head_, and also _pertaining to that which is above_; in China, _pan_ meant mountain or hill, and in Phoenician, _pennah_ had the same meaning. As, however, I have dealt somewhat fully elsewhere with Pan the President of the Mountains, I shall for the sake of brevity translate his name into _universal_ or _good_. In England we have the curious surname Pennefather;[153] in Cornwall, Pender is very common, and it is proverbial that _Pen_ is one of the three affixes by which one may know Cornishmen. As Pan was pre-eminently the divinity of woods and forests, Panshanger or Pan's Wood in Hertfordshire may perhaps be connected with him, and the river Beane of Hertfordshire may be equated with the kindred British river-names, Ben, Bann, Bane, Bain, Banon, Bana, Bandon, Banney, Banac, and Bannockburn.