Archangel: The American War with RussiaCudahy, John
History
Archangel: The American War with Russia
Cudahy, John
World War, 1914-1918 -- Russia (Federation) -- Arkhangelʹsk
The Czechs had fused with Admiral Kolchak's armies. Under the
leadership of General Gaida, they formed his right wing and were
beyond Perm, some three hundred miles east of Viatka. It was thought
that these friendly Siberian forces could take Viatka, advance up the
railway to Kotlas, and join there with the Archangel Russians.
Thereupon the British, leisurely and in security, could return down
the river to the waiting transports and sail homeward.
So Kotlas, which had been the original objective of the River Column,
became the objective once more. The Admiralty dispatched to
Archangel a flotilla of gunboats, monitors, mine sweepers and many
other craft for the transportation of troops and supplies to act as
auxiliaries for the infantry, and again the Dvina became a scene of
skeltering preparations for war.
On the 20th June, the disengaging offensive began; the British and
Archangel troops attacked across the river from the Allied position
at Toulgas, and gained complete victory, capturing two hundred
prisoners, many machine guns and three field guns. But now word came
from the south that the Bolsheviks there had concentrated in great
forces against Kolchak and had utterly routed him, that he was
fleeing east, had already retired as far as Yetakerinburg, and all
hope would have to be given up of effecting a junction with the
Siberian army.
So the importance of taking Kotlas waned, but even if Kolchak had not
failed the advance could have gone little further, for it was found
that due to the light snowfall of the previous winter, the waters of
Dvina were low, beyond all precedent, and the British flotilla could
follow no farther upstream.
Most discouraging of all, treachery broke out in all quarters from
the allied Russian troops. On the 7th July a battalion held in
reserve on the river mutinied in the night and murdered three British
and four Russian officers as they slept; four other officers were
seriously wounded. On the 22nd July the whole Onega detachment went
over to the Bolsheviks, and the safety of Archangel became seriously
jeopardized from this west port. Nearly at the same time British
firing squads suppressed a revolt on the Railway front before the
Russian mutineers gained the upper hand.
Many of the British officers had passed through all the harrowing
fires of France, but here was a form of peril new in the experience
of the most hardened ones--base betrayal by the sentinel who kept the
black watches of the night, and treachery in the heart of the citadel
from hands stretched forth in friendship. The brave man, standing on
his feet and facing the end, does not fear advancing death; but now
it lurked in hiding, it descended in the night and struck from the
dark upon unconscious sleep, so that tired soldiers dared not rest,
and the strain snapped nerves of steel.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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