Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
The total scope of the Regent’s Park development provided a ‘New Town’
in a rather complete sense inspired possibly by Ledoux’s ‘Ville Idéale’.
There were detached villas in the park, mews behind the terraces, a
market-place to the east, modest two-storey houses near by in Munster
Square and, finally, the two Park Villages, carried out by his protégé
Sir James Pennethorne (1801-71) after Nash’s ideas from 1827 on. These
last are extensions of the Picturesque hamlet, consisting of groups of
semi-detached villas some of Italianate, some of Tudoresque character,
loosely strung along curving roads, which provide the very prototype of
the later-nineteenth-century suburb.
To most of his professional contemporaries, and not least to his
associates on the Board of the Office of Works, Soane and Smirke, Nash
seemed an opportunist and almost a charlatan. He differed as markedly
from the archaeologically-minded Smirke as from Soane, even if he was as
ready to borrow Greek orders from the one as incised detail from the
other. Despite the independent stylistic position of Soane and of Nash,
Britain could hardly have produced a line of archaeologist-architects
from James Stuart to C. R. Cockerell—a line at least as distinguished as
the French line from Leroy to Hittorff—without developing by this time
Greek Revival doctrines quite as rigid and as self-assured as those of
France and Germany. From the end of the second decade of the century the
Grecian mode was, indeed, rather more firmly entrenched in Great Britain
than anywhere on the Continent.
The historical importance of Wilkins’s Downing College at Cambridge has
already been noted. If Wilkins was never able to complete this, so that
it remained but a fragment of an ideal Grecian college, he had greater
opportunities later in London, opportunities which on the whole he
muffed. His University College of 1827-8 in Gower Street impressed
contemporaries because its central temple portico ran to _ten_ columns
in width. It is not otherwise distinguished, and the advancing wings of
the quadrangle are not by him. His St George’s Hospital at Hyde Park
Corner, of the same date, is a much more modest building (Plate 31). Yet
it already shows some of the restlessness, if little of the elaboration,
of later Grecian work on the Continent, such as Klenze’s Hermitage
Museum in Petersburg. The hospital, although the theme of the Choragic
Monument of Thrasyllus is ingeniously exploited, lacks the delicacy and
elegance of Decimus Burton’s Ionic screen of 1825 across the way (Plate
31).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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