Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
The characteristic south front of the Museum, one of the most
overwhelming examples of Romantic Classical stylophily, or love of
columns—there are forty-eight of them—was one of the last portions of
the whole to be completed (Plate 33). The great temple portico and the
colonnade that is carried round the inner sides and the ends of the
flanking wings was probably not decided on until the thirties; such a
redundancy of columns seems to belong well into the second quarter of
the century—compare Elmes’s St George’s Hall in Liverpool (Plate 34A) or
Basevi’s Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge. The façade of Smirke’s General
Post Office of 1824-9, with columns used only at the centre and the
ends, and two ranges of good-sized windows between, was more
characteristic of the usual Romantic Classical balance between columnar
display and rationalistic provision for internal function.
Wilkins and Smirke were not alone in providing Grecian public buildings
for the London of George IV. The London Corn Exchange of 1827-8 by
George Smith (1783-1869) was an excellent example, less heavy than most
of Smirke’s work, less inconsequent than Wilkins’s. Decimus Burton, who
provided various gatehouses at Hyde Park as well as the screen at Hyde
Park Corner in 1825—the modest ones at Prince’s Gate are almost
identical with Schinkel’s tiny Doric temples at the Potsdamer Tor in
Berlin—also provided the finest façade in Waterloo Place when he built
the Athenaeum there in 1829-30. This clubhouse is severe and astylar
externally but grand and sumptuous within to a degree hitherto unknown.
Henry Roberts (1803-76), a Smirke assistant, followed his former master
closely in the design of the Fishmongers’ Hall built in 1831-3. His
great Ionic portico rises as splendidly above the solid substructure
that flanks the Thames as Klenze’s Walhalla does above its stepped
terraces.
Corporate clients that came to the fore in the thirties saw in the
solemn Grecian mode the best means of achieving representational
monumentality in their buildings; moreover, they were increasingly ready
to employ leading architects in order to obtain it. C. R. Cockerell
(1788-1863), the son of S. P. Cockerell, soon to be Soane’s successor as
Architect of the Bank of England, began his distinguished career as a
favourite servant of the financial world by providing the Westminster
Insurance Office in the Strand in 1832 with a range of Doric
half-columns. Five years later, in the London and Westminster Bank in
Lothbury, he attained a still greater effect of dignified restraint,
with no loss of sumptuousness, in an astylar façade of great
originality.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account