Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
It was not until the early forties that Greek Revival buildings began to
be characterized by contemporaries as ‘insipid’. But Basevi’s façade of
the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, begun in 1837 and carried to
completion with some emendations by C. R. Cockerell in 1847 after
Basevi’s death, well illustrates some of the changes that were already
coming over Romantic Classical design. As at Wilkins’s National Gallery,
the silhouette is elaborately varied—here much more skilfully than in
Trafalgar Square. As with Tite’s Royal Exchange, there is also a most
un-Grecian sort of plastic bombast. The orders are not Grecian but
Roman, moreover, and the spirit is more Roman still, but Roman of the
later Empire in the East, as at Baalbek or Palmyra.
St George’s Hall in Liverpool, the latest of the major Romantic
Classical monuments of England, was finished like the Fitzwilliam by C.
R. Cockerell long after its original designer’s death. It displays much
less bombast and much more true grandeur of scale. The young Harvey
Lonsdale Elmes (1814-49) won two successive competitions, for a Hall and
for Law Courts, in 1839 and 1840 respectively. Then, when it was decided
to combine the two in one structure, he paid a visit to Berlin to study
the work of Schinkel. Schinkelesque, indeed, is the long colonnade
facing Lime Street Station, and even more so the curious square piers,
free-standing in their upper half, that Elmes used elsewhere on the
building (Plate 34A).
The temple portico at the south end is conventional enough, but with its
steps boldly raised above a massively plain foundation wall; the rounded
end to the north is much more original and also rather French in
feeling. French surely, but of the Empire rather than the contemporary
July Monarchy, is the tremendous scale of the whole and the stately
axial planning of the sort to be seen in many Prix de Rome projects of
the preceding fifty years. The great hall is slightly larger than its
prototype in the Baths of Caracalla.[80] As completed by Cockerell in
the early fifties, the interior lost all the Grecian severity of the
exterior. Together with the elegant elliptical concert hall, planned by
Elmes but entirely executed by Cockerell, the great hall belongs to the
next period of architectural development as much by its rich decoration
as by its date.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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