Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
St Mary and St Nicholas’s, Wilton, built by T. H. Wyatt (1807-80) and
David Brandon (1813-97) in 1840-6 for Sydney Herbert and his Russian
mother, might almost have risen in the Prussia or the Baden of this
period. However, this Italian Romanesque basilica, with tall, detached
campanile and rich internal polychromy of Cosmati-work brought from
Italy, is rather more archaeological than Persius’s or Hübsch’s churches
in Germany. On the other hand, the so much more original Christ Church
of 1840-2 in Streatham, south of London, by J. W. Wild (1814-92) is so
similar to Prussian work that some knowledge on Wild’s part of
Schinkel’s suburban-church projects of a decade earlier might almost be
assumed (Plate 36). Although the exposed yellow brickwork and the
touches of external brick polychromy are notably premonitory of the next
period, the splendid obelisk-like campanile and the crisp ranges of
clerestory windows, for all their pointed tops, are quite as much within
the range of Romantic Classicism as the German churches that this
recalls. The handling of the galleries of the interior had local
precedent in Soane’s churches of the twenties as well as in Schinkel’s
of the thirties. Although the barrel vaults are presumably only of
plaster, St Jude’s, Bethnal Green, in London, built by Henry Clutton
(1819-93) in 1844-6, has an impressive cruciform interior. The exterior
here is notably Germanic with two thin towers flanking the great
polygonal apse.
But these three churches, for all their individual excellence, are
exceptional in England. They are related to the broad contemporary
current of the Renaissance Revival that Barry had set under way only in
rejecting Grecian sanctions even more completely than he. Barry was
himself too versatile ever quite to repeat the strict _palazzo_ formula
of the Reform Club, although he almost came to that in the British
Embassy in Istanbul of 1845-7. For this he provided sketches as early as
1842 and later emended the plans of the local executant architect, W. J.
Smith. This structure, carrying the Renaissance Revival to, or even
beyond, one edge of the western world as Grandjean de Montigny did to
Rio de Janeiro at the other edge, is considerably larger than the Reform
Club and rather bleak, though splendidly sited and very dignified
indeed. At Bridgewater House in London of 1847-57, however, Barry
enriched the _palazzo_ paradigm quite considerably, not only by the
introduction of a good deal of carved work but also by breaking the
continuity of the garden front towards the Park in order to emphasize
the end bays. This personal compositional device is even more
conspicuous on the river front of his Gothic Houses of Parliament.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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