Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
The Geological Museum in Piccadilly in London, built in the late forties
by Pennethorne, Nash’s protégé and his successor at the Office of Works,
was far more successful than the ballroom wing he added in the early
fifties to Buckingham Palace. Even that, however, was a considerable
improvement on the curious façade—more Neo-Baroque than
Neo-Renaissance—with which Edward Blore (1787-1879) masked the front of
Nash’s edifice in 1847. The Museum was more successful precisely because
its exteriors retained the regularity and severity characteristic of
Romantic Classicism. Still later, the Free Trade Hall built by Edward
Walters (1808-72) in Manchester in 1853-6 followed the lusher
Sansovinesque Italianism of Smirke’s Carlton Club, while his many
handsome warehouses there moved ever farther away from the severity of
Barry’s Athenaeum despite their generic _palazzo_ character. Yet the
Corn Exchange in Leeds, erected as late as 1860 by Cuthbert Brodrick
(1825-1905), is still Romantic Classical in the cool regularity of its
diamond-rusticated walls broken only by ranges of plain arches (Plate
37B).
There can be little question, however, that his Town Hall in Leeds of
1855-9, despite the reiterative grandeur of its giant colonnades and the
evident derivation of its principal interior from St George’s Hall in
Liverpool, is in English terms definitely ‘High Victorian’ (Plate 78A).
If the Corn Exchange can hardly be considered typically Early Victorian
in character, and in any case is some ten years too late in date, it
might almost be called _Louis Philippe_, so close is it to some French
work of the 40s.
Run-of-the-mill English railway stations of the forties, mostly designed
by engineers and minor architects, clearly rank in their dullness with
the most utilitarian French work of that decade. They indicate to what
depths of conventionality late Romantic Classicism in England had sunk
by this time. Yet Lewis Cubitt’s long-demolished Bricklayers’ Arms
Station in London of 1842-4, with its entrance screen compounded of
rustic Italian elements derived from the books of Charles Parker,[81]
seems to have had considerable plastic interest. Moreover, the great
plain arches at the front of his King’s Cross Station of 1850-2 (Plate
66A) remain to signalize to every traveller a masterpiece of the period
more than worthy of comparison with Duquesney’s somewhat earlier Gare de
l’Est in Paris (Plate 22B).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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