Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
The Picturesque had its early eighteenth-century origins[106] in
England, and its most notable theorists were English. In the first
quarter of the century, moreover, there was no British architect so
resolutely Grecian that he did not, either on his own initiative or in
deference to his clients’ wishes, experiment with alternative modes in
conscious pursuit of the Picturesque. Despite the stringencies of the
Greek Revival as represented, early, in Wilkins’s Downing College or,
later, in Smirke’s British Museum, Smirke had built several Castellated
mansions in the years before Waterloo and Wilkins the Gothic screen and
the hall range at King’s College, Cambridge, in the twenties; while at
the National Gallery in the thirties he handled standard Classical
elements in a markedly Picturesque way. Nash was the initiator of one
characteristically Picturesque mode, the asymmetrically towered Italian
Villa, at Cronkhill in 1802; he also exploited in an exemplary way
another longer-established one, the Rustic Cottage, in Blaise Hamlet in
1811 (Plate 50A). The score or more of Castellated mansions that Nash
built were always Picturesque and irregular whether their detailing was
Norman[107] or some sort of Gothic. Above all, he handled the urbanistic
development which was his greatest achievement in a thoroughly
Picturesque way. Soane’s Picturesque was of a less usual order and his
personal tendency was as much or more towards the Sublime, otherwise a
largely forgotten category after 1810.
But from 1810 on new buildings in which the basic principles of Romantic
Classicism were ignored and exotic stylistic alternatives to the Grecian
exploited were generally larger, more prominent, and also more
creatively original than they had ever been before. C. A. Busby
(1788-1838) was responsible as late as 1827 for one of the finest, most
formal, and most extensive examples of Romantic Classical urbanism, Kemp
Town at Brighton. Yet in 1814 he exhibited at the Royal Academy his
design for Gwrych Castle, completed in 1815, which he was building in
North Wales near Abergele, presumably in collaboration with his client,
Lloyd Bamford Hesketh, a notable amateur (Plate 49).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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