Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
With the thirties begins the story of a new building type, the railway
station,[165] in whose sheds the mid century was to realize some of the
largest and finest examples ever of ‘ferrovitreous’, or iron-and-glass,
construction. The structures utilizing iron thus far mentioned have been
of two sorts, some, such as bridges, markets, greenhouses, etc., with
only subsidiary masonry elements, if any at all; others, examples of
mixed construction with metal providing only the internal skeleton or
the roof. Railway stations were generally—and before the fifties
always—examples of mixed construction, but of a rather special sort. The
iron and glass portions, that is the sheds, and the masonry portions are
likely to be merely juxtaposed, not truly integrated. Such a masonry
frontispiece as Hardwick’s Euston Arch in London of 1835-7 had no
connexion at all with the functional elements of the station behind—here
by Robert Stephenson—although Euston was an extreme case. But a happy
co-ordination of the masonry and the iron-and-glass portions of stations
was rarely achieved anywhere.
Of the earliest railway station, that at Crown Street in Liverpool of
1830, nothing remains; it was in any case a very modest structure.[166]
Of its successors at Lime Street the present station is the fourth on
the site. Even the ‘Arch’ at Euston, the next major station to be built,
is now gone, despite the strenuous efforts of the Victorian Society and
others in Britain and overseas to save this symbolic portal to the
Victorian Age. However, the first station at Temple Meads in Bristol,
which was built by Brunel in 1839-40, is physically intact, though
supplanted in present-day use by a larger and later one. Castellated as
regards the masonry block in front, the shed here is equally
medievalizing; for its roof is of timber, not of iron, and based on the
fourteenth-century hammerbeam roof of Westminster Hall in London, whose
width it exceeds by a few feet only.
Of the once far finer Trijunct station at Derby, built in 1839-41, the
last portions of Francis Thompson’s brick screen have finally been
destroyed; the three original sheds provided by Robert Stephenson, with
Thompson’s collaboration on the detailing, were each 56 feet wide in
comparison to the 40-foot width of Stephenson’s earlier ones at Euston
(Plate 62B). The tie-beam roof had much of the graceful directness and
linear elegance of Rohault’s greenhouse or Veugny’s market.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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