Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
In France two monuments of comparable distinction have already been
mentioned, Henri Labrouste’s Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève of 1843-50
and Duquesney’s Gare de l’Est of 1847-52 (Plate 22B). Unfortunately the
original shed of the latter, with arched principals of 100-foot span,
was taken down when the station was doubled in size in the present
century. Inside the library a central row of iron columns of somewhat
Pompeian design—that is, resembling the slender, metallically scaled
members seen in Pompeian wall paintings—still carries the two barrel
roofs on delicately scrolled arches of openwork iron (Figure 14). Since
the masonry walls with their ranges of window arches are visible all
round, the effect produced is less novel than in the iron-and-glass
court of the Coal Exchange; but Labrouste achieved much greater
integration between interior and exterior (Plate 21). The Dianabad in
Vienna, built by Karl Etzel in 1841-3, had a fine iron roof; the
circular bracing of the iron principals, a frequent motif in large
openwork members of cast iron at this time, was most appropriate to the
_Rundbogenstil_ detailing of the masonry walls (Plate 66B).
Monferran’s cast-iron dome on St Isaac’s in Petersburg, completed about
1842, has already been mentioned (Plate 27A). This was rivalled before
very long by several American examples,[169] most notably Walter’s
enormous dome, built in 1855-65, above the Capitol in Washington (Plate
82A). Baroque in silhouette and rather Baroque in detail also, this may
have encouraged—along with the rising taste for elaborately plastic
effects of which it was itself a notable expression—the increasingly
common practice of casting the exposed iron elements of American
commercial façades in the form of rich Corinthian columns and heavily
moulded arches.
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