Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
Butterfield’s St Alban’s in Baldwin’s Gardens off Holborn in London,
erected 1858-61, is all rebuilt now. But something of its splendidly
tall proportions, if not the rich brick and tile marquetry of the wall
over the chancel arch, can still be apprehended. The contrast in quality
with Peacock’s work was once amazing. Street’s St James the Less in
Thorndike Street off the Vauxhall Bridge Road in London also of 1858-61,
is less fine but still much superior to Peacock’s work (Plate 94B). The
tall square tower, set apart like a campanile, has a curiously gawky
roof based on French models and the interior is somewhat cavernous. But
in the richness of its red and black brick patterns, used both inside
and out, and in the naturalistic carving of the nave capitals this
church of Street’s rivals Butterfield’s All Saints’ and St Alban’s and
is, unlike the latter, still completely intact.
Various younger men of Webb’s generation were beginning to make
important contributions in church design also. G. F. Bodley (1827-1907),
trained in his kinsman Scott’s office rather than in Street’s, built St
Michael’s, Brighton, in 1859-62. This must have been very striking for
the boldness of its scale and for the vigour of its structural
expression before it was overshadowed by the tall later nave beside it
added by William Burges (1827-81).[224] But it is not the parody of
‘Early French’ detailing in the square archivolts and spreading capitals
of the nave arcade, so soon to be abjured by Bodley, that is significant
here but the fact that this was the first church to receive an over-all
decorative treatment, including stained glass, at the hands of Morris
and his associates, who included the painters Ford Madox Brown and
Edward Burne-Jones.
There is still finer glass of this period designed by Burne-Jones in the
east window of Waltham Abbey in Essex, where the rear wall was rebuilt
in the heaviest ‘Early French’ taste by Burges in 1860-1. As a painter
Burne-Jones is hardly to be compared with Ingres; yet as a designer of
stained glass the superiority of such early windows of his as these at
Waltham Abbey to the ones by Ingres at Dreux and at Neuilly is amazing.
It is not the least claim to distinction of the High Victorian Gothic
that it nurtured this brilliant revival of decorative art led by Morris.
Many churches of the sixties and seventies are worth visiting solely for
their windows by Morris, Brown, and Burne-Jones to which there are
apparently no worthy Continental parallels.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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