Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
If there was very little Gothic work done in the third quarter of the
century in France comparable in quality or in interest to that of the
Anglo-Saxon countries, yet there was a general movement there away from
the somewhat mincing attitudes of the forties and early fifties. Just as
the Medieval Revival in America, considered in a broad sense, came to
its climax in the mature work of Richardson (see Chapter 13)—which is
much more Romanesque than Gothic in so far as it leans at all on the
past—in France the Romanesquoid work of Vaudremer represents the highest
achievement of the period in a non-Renaissance mode (Plate 72A). The
same may even be said up to a point of most of the other countries of
Europe. Yet the Germanic _Rundbogenstil_ of the third quarter of the
century was, for all the size, prominence, and elaboration of such
public monuments as Waesemann’s Berlin City Hall or Hansen’s Vienna
Waffenmuseum and the real excellence of Herholdt’s Danish work, already
a sinking rather than a rising mode.
In Germany and Austria more Neo-Gothic edifices, both secular and
ecclesiastical, were built after 1850 than before; several of them have
already been mentioned. These are, however, rather examples of
contemporary eclecticism than of a concerted movement. In addition to
his school and his Rathaus, however, Schmidt built in Vienna some eight
Gothic churches ranging in date from the Lazaristenkirche of 1860-2 to
the Severinkirche of 1877-8. Most of them are brick-vaulted
hall-churches—that is, of the characteristic medieval German plan and
section, with aisles of the same height as the nave. However, the
largest and most interesting, the Fünfhaus Parish Church of 1868-75, is
centrally planned. This is an aisled octagon rising to a ribbed dome
with hexagonal chapels grouped around the irregularly polygonal apse
(Plate 99B). The spatial complexity of the interior is of real interest,
and the walls are painted to suggest polychromatic brickwork of almost
English brashness. Two front towers flanking the gabled entrance bay are
set close against the dome to provide a very Baroque sort of
composition—this is really, therefore, a sort of Sant’ Agnese in Agone
or Karlskirche carried out with a G. G. Scott vocabulary of Neo-Gothic
elements.
In Hungary the eighties saw a very belated manifestation of secular
Neo-Gothic. The Parliament House, begun in 1883 by Imre Steindl
(1839-1902) and completed in 1902, was surely inspired by Barry’s in
London begun nearly a half-century earlier, but in character it is (not
surprisingly) more like Schmidt’s Vienna Rathaus. Thus did outlying
countries in the later decades of the century continue to take up modes
long obsolescent in the major architectural centres.[255]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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