Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
Representational public buildings, although usually much less plain in
design, are likely to be even more heavy-handed than the prisons and
lunatic asylums. Their architects’ strictly functional approach was
capable of achieving a rather bleak sort of distinction which should
have been sympathetic to the twentieth century had they been better
known. The Palace of Justice at Tours of 1840-50 by Charles
Jacquemin-Belisle (1815-69), with its unpedimented Roman Doric portico,
is typical enough of a very considerable number of large and prominent
civic structures. Lequeux’s Paris town halls in the outlying
_arrondissements_ are just as dry but less monumentally Classical.
Happily there are a few finer public buildings, mostly in Paris,
structures not least interesting for their bold use of metal and glass.
Among early railway stations only the Gare Montparnasse of 1848-52 by
V.-B. Lenoir (1805-63) and the engineer Eugène Flachat (1802-73) and the
Gare de Strasbourg (Gare de l’Est) of 1847-52 by F.-A. Duquesney
(1790-1849), a pupil of Percier, still stand in Paris. The Gare de
l’Est, with its vast central lunette expressing clearly the
iron-and-glass arched train-shed, is a most notable early station. The
detailing, of a somewhat High Renaissance—at least not Greek or
Roman—order, is pleasant but undistinguished (Plate 22B). This detailing
has been effectively maintained in the modern doubling of the front of
the station. The original shed by the engineer Sérinet was long ago
replaced.
The other great Parisian structure of the forties in whose construction
the visible use of iron played a prominent part, the Bibliothèque
Sainte-Geneviève in the Place du Panthéon, is especially distinguished
for the originality and elegance of its detailing, even more as regards
that of the masonry of the exterior than of the ironwork within (Plate
21). Henri-P.-F. Labrouste (1801-75), a pupil of Lebas and Vaudoyer, who
designed this library in 1839 and built it in 1843-50, is the one French
architect of the age whose name can be mentioned—though a little
diffidently—with those of the great architects of the earlier decades of
the century outside France, Soane and Schinkel, even if his
contemporaries usually gave precedence to Gilbert or to Hittorff. Yet
Labrouste hardly ranks for quality with a Dane of his own generation
such as Bindesbøll, although his library is much more advanced both
stylistically and technically than the contemporary Thorwaldsen Museum
in Copenhagen.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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