This well-known species is perhaps the finest Finch the Argentines have. The entire upper plumage is clear grey, the under surface pure white; but its chief glory is its crest, which, with the anterior part of the head and the throat, is of the most vivid scarlet. The song has little variety, but is remarkably loud, and has that cheerful ring which most people admire in their caged pets, possibly because it produces the idea in the listener's mind that the songster is glad to be a prisoner. As a cage-bird this Finch enjoys an extraordinary popularity; and a stranger in Buenos Ayres, seeing the numbers that are exposed for sale by the bird-dealers in the markets of that city, might fancy that a Cardinal in a cage is considered a necessary part of the _ménage_ of every house in the country. This large supply of caged birds comes from South Brazil, Paraguay, and the north-eastern part of the Argentine country, where the Cardinals are most abundant and unite in large flocks. Probably they are not snared, but taken when young from the nest, as most of the birds exposed for sale are in immature plumage. The Cardinal in a wild state is found as far south as the province of Buenos Ayres, but it is there a scarce bird. It breeds, Mr. Gibson writes, at the end of October, and makes a shallow nest of twigs, vine-tendrils, and horse-hair. The eggs are four; ground-colour white or tinged with faint brown or greenish, and spotted with brown, more densely at the large end. 55. PAROARIA CAPITATA (d'Orb. et Lafr.). (LESSER CARDINAL FINCH.) +Paroaria capitata+, _Burm. La-Plata Reise_, ii. p. 482; _Scl. et Salv. Nomencl._ p. 30; _White, P. Z. S._ 1882, p. 598. _Description._--Above black; head bright scarlet, the black and red divided by white, crescent-shaped marks on the neck, narrowing to a point on the nape; throat black, the black extending downward to the chest; below white; bill and feet yellowish horn-colour: total length 6·6 inches, wing 3·0, tail 2·6. _Hab._ Paraguay and Bolivia. Dr. Burmeister tells us this species is not uncommon near Paraná, where it occurs in small flocks on the river-bank, and is often seen on the stones at the river's edge. 56. CORYPHOSPINGUS CRISTATUS (Gm.). (RED-CRESTED FINCH.) +Coryphospingus cristatus+, _Scl. et Salv. Nomencl._ p. 30; _Salvin, Ibis_, 1880, p. 354 (Salta); _White, P. Z. S._ 1882, p. 598 (Salta). _Description._--Above black, washed with red; rump crimson; wing- and tail-feathers black; forehead black; crest vivid scarlet; whole under surface fine crimson: total length 5·5 inches, wing 2·6, tail 2·3. _Female_ above brown, with scarlet tinge on the rump; beneath salmon-colour, whitish on the throat. _Hab._ Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Northern Argentina.