I believe that it will not be at all difficult to arrive at the just value of such royalties, and in almost every instance they would be settled by contract between the owner of the copyright and the maker of the mechanical appliance for producing the music. In the case of a composition of any value the composer will dispose of it for an agreed-upon royalty to some music publisher in the usual way. He will then dispose of his right to the composition for reproduction by mechanical means to some manufacturer of such mechanical means for a royalty agreed upon. If any other such manufacturer, not in contractual relations with the owner of the copyright thereafter makes use of the composition, the amount of the royalty for which the owner of the copyright has contracted will aid in determining what royalty is fair and reasonable and is to be paid by such other manufacturer. I suppose that in some cases litigation may be necessary to arrive at the amount of the royalty, but not more than is inevitable in human affairs. It is not to be supposed that a manufacturer will resist the payment of the royalty for a musical composition which he has utilized and pay to the complainant the cost of litigation rather than make a fair settlement upon terms which are well settled, or will soon become well settled under this act, in the trade. A provision like that above suggested is analogous to, and appears to be quite similar in its effect to, the compulsory-license provision of some of the foreign statutes. For instance, in the law of the Dominion of Canada, lately enacted, in 1903, we have the following: "7. (_a_) Any person, at any time while a patent continues in force, may apply to the commissioner, by petition, for a license to make, construct, use, and sell the patented invention, and the commissioner shall, subject to general rules to be made for carrying out this section, hear the person applying and the owner of the patent, and if he is satisfied that the reasonable requirements of the public in reference to the invention have not been satisfied by reason of the neglect or refusal of the patentee or his legal representatives to make, construct, use, or sell the invention, or to grant licenses to others on reasonable terms to make, construct, use, or sell the same, may make an order under his hand and seal of the patent office requiring the owner of the patent to grant a license to the person applying therefor, in such form and upon such terms as to the duration of the license, the amount of the royalties, security for payment, and otherwise, as the commissioner, having regard to the nature of the invention and the circumstances of the case, deems just."