Finally, I say from long experience that it is a mistaken kindness to make copyright litigation easy. The protection of the copyright law is chiefly moral. Remedies for actual wrongs committed are in most cases illusory. A copyright suit should never be brought except for the most serious reasons and to protect large business interests. I believe, therefore, that section 32 should be eliminated altogether from this bill, unless it is thought necessary to retain the first paragraph; and I suppose section 33 would go with it. If this were done, perhaps section 4966 of the Revised Statutes should be incorporated in the new law at this point and reenacted for the sake of completeness, if the committee thinks that it should be retained. _Section 34, page 28._--The limitation of actions in the present law applies only to actions for penalties and forfeitures. I do not think it should be applied, as in this section 34, to all actions; if it should be so applied the term should be at least six years (which is the rule with patents, I understand). The statutes should show clearly that the time runs from the date of the discovery of infringement by the complainant. In these days of an ever-increasing multitude of publications, the copyright proprietor should not be required to examine everything which is issued to see whether his works have possibly been pirated; nor should he be debarred from seeking a remedy if knowledge of piracy should come to him long after the offense has been committed. Unfairness is not always shown on the face of an infringing work, and direct evidence is often required to prove this even to the injured proprietor. [Memorandum by Charles W. Ames.] JUNE 9, 1906. As a constant attendant at the last two conferences, I venture to offer a few words in explanation of two sections of this bill, which, I think, have been misunderstood by some of the gentlemen who have appeared before the committee. Section 3 has been supposed to have some particular reference to and bearing on now existing copyrights taken under the present law. On the contrary, I understand this section to be general and permanent in its character, the purpose of the last three lines being to specifically protect all copyrighted matter for its proper term and no longer, when reproduced in whole or in part, under license or otherwise, in connection with a later copyrighted work. This section is very important as definitely clearing up for the future a question which has been frequently raised in connection with the present law.