[Footnote 65: Analyt. Prior. I. xxx. p. 46, a. 22-27**: [Greek: ô(/ste a)\n lêphthê=| ta\ u(pa/rchonta peri\ e(/kaston, ê(me/teron ê)/dê ta\s a)podei/xeis e(toi/môs e)mphani/zein. ei) ga\r mêde\n _kata\ tê\n i(stori/an_ paraleiphthei/ê tô=n a)lêthô=s u(parcho/ntôn toi=s pra/gmasin, e(/xomen peri\ a(/pantos ou(= me\n e)/stin a)po/deixis, tau/tên eu(rei=n kai\ a)podeiknu/nai, ou(= de\ mê\ pe/phuken a)po/deixis, tou=to poiei=n phanero/n.] Respecting the word [Greek: i(stori/a]--investigation and record of matters of fact--the first sentence of Herodotus may be compared with Aristotle, Histor. Animal. p. 491, a. 12; also p. 757, b. 35; Rhetoric. p. 1359, b. 32.] For the fuller development of these important principles, the reader is referred to the treatise on Dialectic, entitled Topica, which we shall come to in a future chapter. There is nothing in all Aristotle's writings more remarkable than the testimony here afforded, how completely he considered all the generalities of demonstrative science and deductive reasoning to rest altogether on experience and inductive observation. We are next introduced to a comparison between the syllogistic method, as above described and systematized, and the process called logical Division into _genera_ and _species_; a process much relied upon by other philosophers, and especially by Plato. This logical Division, according to Aristotle, is a mere fragment of the syllogistic procedure; nothing better than a feeble syllogism.[66] Those who employed it were ignorant both of Syllogism and of its conditions. They tried to demonstrate--what never can be demonstrated--the essential constitution of the subject.[67] Instead of selecting a middle term, as the Syllogism requires, more universal than the subject but less universal (or not more so) than the predicate, they inverted the proper order, and took for their middle term the highest universal. What really requires to be demonstrated, they never demonstrated but assume.[68] [Footnote 66: Analyt. Prior. I. xxxi. p. 46, a. 33. Alexander, in Scholia, p. 180, a. 14. The Platonic method of [Greek: diai/resis] is exemplified in the dialogues called Sophistês and Politicus; compare also Philêbus, c. v., p. 15.] [Footnote 67: Ibid. p. 46, a. 34: [Greek: prô=ton d' au)to\ tou=to e)lelê/thei tou\s chrôme/nous au)tê=| pa/ntas, kai\ pei/thein e)pechei/roun ô(s o)/ntos dunatou= peri\ ou)si/as a)po/deixin gi/nesthai kai\ tou= ti/ e)stin.]] [Footnote 68: Ibid. p. 46, b. 1-12.]