same, in as far as both involve a certain fact of increment.[60] [Footnote 58: Analyt. Post. II. xvi. p. 98, b. 25.] [Footnote 59: Ibid. xvii. p. 99, a. 4: [Greek: e)/sti de\ kai\ ou(= ai)/tion kai\ ô(=| skopei=n kata\ sumbebêko/s; ou) mê\n dokei= problê/mata ei)=nai.] "Veluti si probemus grammaticum esse aptum ad ridendum, quia homo est aptus ad ridendum." (Julius Pacius, p. 514.)] [Footnote 60: Analyt. Post. II. xvii. p. 99, a. 8-16.] The major term of the syllogism will in point of extension be larger than any particular minor, but equal or co-extensive with the sum total of the particulars. Thus the predicate deciduous, affirmable of all plants with broad leaves, is greater in extension than the subject vines, also than the subject fig-trees; but it is equal in extension to the sum total of vines and fig-trees (the other particular broad-leaved plant). The middle also, in an universal demonstration, reciprocates with the major, being its definition. Here the true middle or cause of the effect that vines and fig-trees shed their leaves, is not that they are broad-leaved plants, but rather a coagulation of sap or some such fact.[61] [Footnote 61: Ibid. a. 16 seq.] The last chapter of the present treatise is announced by Aristotle as the appendix and completion of his entire theory of Demonstrative Science, contained in the Analytica Priora, which treats of Syllogism, and the Analytica Posteriora, which treats of Demonstration. After formally winding up the whole enquiry, he proceeds to ask regarding the _principia_ of Demonstrative Science: What are they? How do they become known? What is the mental habit or condition that is cognizant of them?[62] [Footnote 62: Analyt. Post. II. xix. p. 99, b. 15-19: [Greek: peri\ me\n ou)=n sullogismou= kai\ a)podei/xeôs, ti/ te e(ka/tero/n e)sti kai\ pô=s gi/netai, phanero/n, a(/ma **de\ kai\ peri\ e)pistê/mês a)podeiktikê=s; tau)to\n ga/r e)stin. peri\ de\ tô=n a)rchô=n, pô=s te gi/nontai gnô/rimoi, kai\ _ti/s ê( gnôri/zousa e(/xis_, e)nteu=the/n e)sti dê=lon proaporê/sasi prô=ton.] Bekker and Waitz, in their editions, include all these words in ch. xix.: the older editions placed the words preceding [Greek: peri\ de\] in ch. xviii. Zabarella observes the transition to a new subject (Comm. ad Analyt. Post. II. ch. xv. p. 640):--"Postremum hoc caput (beginning at [Greek: peri\ de\]) extra primariam tractationem positum esse manifestum est: quum præcesserit epilogus respondens prooemio quod legitur in initio primi libri Priorum Analyticorum."]