Aristotle's History of Animals: In Ten BooksAristotle
PhilosophyPhilosophy
Aristotle's History of Animals: In Ten Books
Aristotle
Zoology -- Pre-Linnaean works
4. At the same period the viscera are visible, but the stomach, and
intestines, and the veins from the heart still appear to extend towards
the navel. From the navel a vein appears to extend upon the membrane
which encloses the yolk, and the yolk itself is at this period fluid,
and more abundant than in its natural state. The other extends to the
membrane which encloses the whole membrane containing the embryo, and
the membrane of the yolk and the fluid between them, and when the young
birds have grown a little more, part of the yolk goes to one end, and
part to the other, and between them is the fluid white; but the white
is still below the lower part of the yolk, where it was at first, but
at the tenth day the white disappears, for it has become small, viscid,
thick, and rather yellow.
5. This is the position of all the parts: the first and last part
adjoining the shell is the membrane of the egg, not the membrane of
the shell, but beneath this. This contains the fluid white; within
this is the young bird, and a membrane surrounding it, and separating
it from the fluid; beneath the embryo is the yolk, to which one of the
veins extends, and the other to the white which encloses it. A membrane
containing a fluid resembling sanies encloses the whole, and then
another membrane which surrounds the embryo itself, as I observed, and
separates it from the fluid. Below this the yolk, enclosed in another
membrane, which is reached by the umbilical cord from the heart, and
the great vein, so that the embryo does not appear to be in either of
the fluids.
6. About the twentieth day, if the hatching has been delayed beyond
this period, the young bird is able to chirp when moved externally, and
if the shell is taken off, by this time also it is downy. The head is
placed over the right leg upon the side, and the wing is over the head.
At this period the chorion-like membrane is visible, which is united
with the lowest membrane of the shell, to which one of the umbilical
cords passes, and the young bird is complete. The other chorion-like
membrane is also visible, enclosing the yolk. To this the other
umbilical cord extends. Both of these cords are attached to the heart
and the great vein. At the same period the cord which is attached to
one chorion falls off, and is separated from the animal, but the one
which passes to the yolk remains suspended from the young bird by a
thin bowel, and a considerable portion of the yolk is contained in the
young bird, and some of it is found in the stomach.
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