Aristotle's History of Animals: In Ten BooksAristotle
PhilosophyPhilosophy
Aristotle's History of Animals: In Ten Books
Aristotle
Zoology -- Pre-Linnaean works
3. Some birds feed on worms, as the finch, the sparrow, batis,
chloris, titmouse. There are three kinds of titmouse; the spizites
is the largest, it is as large as the finch. Another is called the
orinus, because it dwells in mountains; it has a large tail. The third
resembles them in everything except its size, for it is very small.
The sycalis also, the megalocoryphus, pyrrhulas, erithacus, hypolaïs,
œstrus, tyrannis are of this class. The last of these is the least,
it is not much larger than a locust; it has a purple crest, and is
altogether a graceful and well-formed bird. The bird called anthus
also, which is of the size of the finch; the orospizus is like the
finch, and nearly of the same size, it has a blue stripe on its neck,
and lives in mountainous places. The wren also lives upon seeds. All
these and such like birds either partly or entirely live on worms.
4. These birds, the acanthis, thraupis, and that which is called
chrysometris, all live upon thorns, but neither eat worms or any other
living creature, and they both roost and feed in the same places.
There are others which feed on gnats; these live chiefly by hunting
for these insects, as the greater and lesser pipo, both of which are
by some persons called woodpeckers. They resemble each other in their
cry, though that of the larger bird is the louder, and they both feed
by flying against trees. The celeos also, which is as large as a turtle
dove, and entirely yellow; its habit is to strike against trees; it
generally lives upon trees, and has a loud voice. This bird generally
inhabits the Peloponnesus. There is also another called cnipologus,
which is small, about the size of the acanthyllis; its colour is
cinereous and spotted, and its voice is weak; this bird also pecks
trees.
5. There are other birds which live upon fruit and grasses, as the
phaps, phatta, peristera, œnas, and trygon.[216] The phatta and
peristera are always present, the trygon only in summer time; in the
winter it is not seen, for it hides itself in holes. The œnas is
generally seen and captured in the autumn. The œnas is as large as the
peristera but less than the phaps. It is generally captured as it is
drinking; it comes to this country when it has young. All the rest come
in the summer, and make their nests here, and all, except the pigeon
tribe, live upon animal food.
[216] Different species of pigeons and doves.
6. All birds, as far as food is concerned, are either terrestrial or
live in the neighbourhood of rivers and ponds, or near the sea. Those
that have webbed feet pass the greater part of their time on the water;
those with divided feet near the water. Some of these dive for their
food, such as live upon plants and do not eat flesh; others, as the
heron and white heron, live in ponds and rivers. The latter of these is
smaller than the former, and has a flat large bill.
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