Aristotle's History of Animals: In Ten BooksAristotle
PhilosophyPhilosophy
Aristotle's History of Animals: In Ten Books
Aristotle
Zoology -- Pre-Linnaean works
Most of all we must regret his Ζωϊκὰ, which appears to have given a
more accurate description of animals, and his ἀνατομικὰ, which further
contained notices of their internal structure, and was illustrated
by drawings to which he often refers in his Natural History, as well
as in his works on the parts and the generation of animals. It will
scarcely be possible to fix with any accuracy on the number of books
he employed, after the great carelessness of librarians, and the many
facilities for error in copyists, arising from the method of notation
by letters. Antigonus Carystius, in his sixty-sixth chapter, increases
the number of volumes given by Pliny, for he writes seventy; and if
the titles of the books, as they are given by Diogenes Laertius and
Athenæus, are compared with those published, the number of books
relating to Animal History to which he may have had access are readily
estimated, even should every book of every work be reckoned as a
separate book, and the list compared with the number given by Pliny.
In the memory of our fathers and grandfathers (for, alas! at the
present time few trouble themselves with the works of the ancients)
there were many who blamed Aristotle for these works, both for his
manner of treating the subjects and his narratives of the lives and
habits of animals, and vexed them with questions and disputations.
These objections will be better answered, when we come to those
passages of the History. It may, however, be of some general avail to
put a stop to these objections, which were urged against his manner of
teaching; and I hope to be able to point out some peculiar sources from
which Aristotle appears to have derived the more difficult parts of
his History, and those which were obnoxious to dispute.
Amongst other foolish and trifling questions with which some
Grammarian, in the Deipnosophistæ of Athenæus, (viii. p. 352,) has
endeavoured not only to impugn, but even destroy our philosopher's
credibility, is the following:--"I do not much admire the diligence of
Aristotle, though others praise him so highly. At what time, I should
like to know, or from what Proteus or Nereus ascending from the deep,
to give him information, did he learn what the fishes were doing there,
and in what manner they slept and took their food; for he writes things
of this kind, which are only 'the miracles of fools,' as the comic poet
says."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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