Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension, with Chapters on Blood Pressure: 3rd Edition.Warfield, Louis M. (Louis Marshall)
Science
Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension, with Chapters on Blood Pressure: 3rd Edition.
Warfield, Louis M. (Louis Marshall)
Arteries -- Diseases; Blood pressure
Light, very light, almost inaudible percussion, what Goldscheider called
"Schwellungsperkussion," must be practiced. Use the middle finger of the
right (left) hand as the hammer and the last joint of the middle finger
of the left (right) hand pressed firmly against the chest, as
pleximeter. I believe it is better to place the pleximeter finger
parallel to the boundary to be limited although some place the finger
perpendicularly, that is, pointing toward the boundary. Now and then it
helps to bend the pleximeter finger at the second joint, hold it
perpendicularly to the chest wall, and strike the joint directly in line
of the finger. This in my hands has been of great assistance in
percussing the limits of the heart dullness. Pottenger's "light touch
palpation" is a modification of the light palpation and, to my mind, has
no very special advantages. Auscultatory percussion is of great value at
times. The bell of the stethoscope is placed over the portion of heart
uncovered by lung (should such be the case), and with this point as a
center the chest is lightly and quickly tapped along radii converging
toward the stethoscope. One soon learns to recognize the change of pitch
as the tapping reaches the border of the heart. It is well to use all
methods, especially in difficult cases, and to compare the results.
Personally I have found that by light percussion I can limit with much
accuracy the upper, right, and left borders of the heart.
There is much to be gained by using light percussion. Strong blows set
in vibration not only the underlying structures, but also more or less
of the chest wall. We wish to avoid this source of error, we do not wish
to differentiate by pitch alone. Finally one's pleximeter finger
becomes, after long practice, so sensitive to changes in the resonance
of structures lying below it, that there is actual feeling of impairment
to the slightest degree. This delicate touch is what we should endeavor
to cultivate.
It is at times of advantage to use immediate percussion. This is done by
bending the fingers of the striking hand, bringing the tips in a line
and striking the chest lightly with the four fingers as one finger. Some
find it easier to percuss the dullness due to the heart in this way than
by mediate percussion.
The little hammer and hard rubber, celluloid, bone, or ivory pleximeter
does not seem to me to be nearly as good as the fingers. Moreover, one
always has his hands, but may forget his hammer and pleximeter.
=Auscultation=
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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