Anatomy, Artistic; Animals in art; Zoological illustration
In man, the sterno-cleido-mastoid and the trapezius leave a triangular
space between them, which, being limited inferiorly by the middle third
of the clavicle, is known as the supraclavicular region; this region,
being depressed, especially in its inferior part, has also been given
the name of supraclavicular fossa--popularly called the '_salt-cellar_.'
The muscles which form the floor of this region, passing from above
downwards, are: a very small portion of the complexus, splenius, levator
anguli scapulæ, posterior scalenus, and anterior scalenus; then,
crossing these latter, and most superficial, is the omo-hyoid muscle.
An analogous region, but of only slight depth, exists in quadrupeds; its
borders are formed by the mastoido-humeral and trapezius muscles.
It is not limited below by the clavicle--we know, indeed, that this, or
the intersection which represents it, belongs to the mastoido-humeral
muscle--but by the inferior portion of the spine of the scapula.
It is of greater or less extent according to the species considered.
In the dog, cat, pig, and ox, it is narrow, for the muscles which bound
it approach one another pretty closely. It has, as in man, the form of a
triangle, with the apex above. In the horse it is much broader, and,
contrary to the arrangement which it presents in the human species, the
widest part is directed upwards.
The muscles which we find there are, consequently, more or less
numerous. In the dog and cat they are: a portion of a muscle which we do
not normally meet with in man--the _omo-trachelian_--then in a
decreasing extent: supraspinatus, levator anguli scapulæ and splenius.
In the pig: the omo-trachelian, supraspinatus, and the terminal portion
of the sterno-prescapular--the anterior part of the lesser or deep
pectoral muscle.
In the ox: the omo-trachelian only.
But in the horse we find the omo-trachelian, the supraspinatus, and the
terminal extremity of the sterno-prescapular; then in a larger extent of
area the levator anguli scapulæ and the splenius; and, finally, the
anterior portion of the rhomboid.
Among the muscles which we have just enumerated are some that we have
already studied; these are the sterno-prescapular and the rhomboid. We
will examine the supraspinatus muscle in connection with the region of
the shoulder.
As to the scaleni muscles and the complexus, they are deeply situated,
whereas the omo-hyoid is visible in the anterior region of the neck
only.
There remain for us, accordingly, to examine, at the present juncture,
but the omo-trachelian, levator anguli scapulæ, and splenius muscles.
=The Omo-trachelian Muscle= (Fig. 68, 13; Fig. 69, 17; Fig. 70,
20).--Also called the _acromio-trachelian_, _levator ventri
scapulæ_,[21] the _angulo-ventral muscle_, and the
_transverso-scapular_,[22] etc., this muscle is described by some
hippotomists as belonging to the mastoido-humeral, of which it then
forms its posterior or deep portion (see p. 153).
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