Anatomy, Artistic; Animals in art; Zoological illustration
We have previously pointed out that in the carnivora this muscle is
visible on the internal and posterior aspects of the forearm, in the
interval which is limited in front by the flexor carpi radialis and
behind and outside by the anterior ulnar.
Certain details are still to be added to the description of this
muscle. We will enter on an analysis of them after we have given some
indications relative to the following muscle:
=Deep Flexor of the Digits= (_Flexor digitorum profundus_) (Fig. 75, 21,
22; Fig. 76, 12; Fig. 77, 11, 11).--This muscle is covered by the
superficial flexor. It arises from the epitrochlea, from the radius, and
from the ulna, either from the olecranon process--as in the ox, pig, and
horse--or from almost the whole extent of the shaft of the same bone, as
in the cat and dog.
[Illustration: FIG. 78.--LEFT ANTERIOR LIMB OF THE HORSE: INTERNAL
ASPECT.
1, Internal flexor of the metacarpus or great palmar; 2, inferior part
of the biceps; 3, inferior part of the brachialis anticus; 4, internal
lateral ligament of the elbow; 5, pronato teres muscle.]
The radial fasciculus represents in the domestic quadrupeds the long
proper flexor muscle of the thumb in man. For this reason we shall
describe the muscle afresh in the following paragraph:
The fleshy bundles of which we have just spoken terminate in a tendon
which afterwards divides into slips, the number of which is in
proportion to the digital division of the hand. These slips then pass
through the slit or _buttonhole_ in the tendon of the superficial
flexor, and proceed to terminate on the third phalanx; hence the name of
_perforating_, which is also given to the deep flexor of the digits.
In the dog and the cat the tendon is divided into five portions, each of
which proceeds to one of the digits. The internal tendon, which is
destined for the thumb, terminates on the second phalanx of this digit.
In the pig the tendon divides into four tendons destined for the four
digits.
In the ox there are but two tendons.
In the horse the tendon is single.
As their names indicate, these muscles, both superficial and deep, flex
the digits. In addition to this, they flex the hand on the forearm.
We mentioned above that certain details relative to the superficial
flexor must be analyzed in a special way. We now add that this should
also be done with regard to the deep flexor. The point in question is
the arrangement which the tendons of these muscles present at the level
of the palmar region of the hand.
It is easy, in the case of the dog or the cat, to picture to one's self
this arrangement, especially if we recollect that which exists in the
human species. The tendons of the flexors are placed on a kind of
muscular bed formed by the union of the muscles of the region, but,
moreover, from the point of view of external form, these tendons are not
of very great importance.
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